Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Anatomy- Respiration and Digestion

Terms in this set (35)

Tidal Volume (TV)
air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath (about 500 mL)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
air that can be evacuated from the lungs after a tidal expiration
Residual Volume (RV)
air left in the lungs after strenuous expiration (1200 mL)
inspiratory capacity (IC)
total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
functional residual capacity (FRC)
amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
the total amount of exchangeable air
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
sum of all lung volumes (6000 mL in males, 5200 mL in females)
ventilation
amount of gas reaching alveoli
perfusion
blood flow reaching alveoli
Oxyhemoglobin (ruby red)
oxygen loading in the blood
deoxyhemoglobin (dark red)
oxygen loading in the tissues
carbaminohemoglobin
carbon dioxide loading in the tissues
Bohr effect
declining pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond; more oxygen dissociates from Hb
hypercapnia
high CO2 / an elevated PCO2
hyperventilation
increased depth and rate of breathing in response to hypercapnia
hypoventilation
slow and shallow breathing due to abnormally low PCO2 (hypocapnia)
hypocapnia
low CO2
hypoxic drive
PO2 levels become the principal respiratory stimulus
apnea
a cessation of breathing
Hering-Breuer reflex
stretch receptors in the lungs are stimulated by lung inflation (prevents over-inflation)
eupnea
normal respiratory rates
pulmonary irritant reflexes
irritants promote reflexive constriction of air passages
hyperpnea
increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs
emphysema
destroys alveolar tissue resulting in fewer, larger alveoli; collapse of bronchioles during expiration results in air trapping
lung compliance
the ease with which the lungs can expand; the measure of the change in lung volume that occurs with a given change in transpulmonary pressure
boyle's law
pressure varies inversely with volume P1V1=P2V2
dalton's law
total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture
henry's law
when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure
pulmonary embolism
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
atelectasis
collapsed lung
pulmonary ventilation
air moved into and out of the lungs to continuously refresh the gas
external respiration
O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and blood
internal respiration
O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and tissues
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...