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Pysch Unit Exam 3

Terms in this set (71)

The Behavior Feedback Effect
People experience a mood shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their sides. This best illustrates:
Delight;Disgust
Left prefrontal cortex activation is to right prefrontal cortex activation as ________ is to ________.
Disgust
This emotion is facially expressed by nose wrinkled, upper lip raised, and tongue pushed outward
Robert Zajonc
Argued that our emotional reactions to specific situations can occur rapidly and prior to any conscious interpretations of those situations
Cannon-Bard Theory
The theory that states you would be able to experience emotion even without sympathetic nervous system arousal
Expressive Behaviors, Physiological Arousal, and Conscious Experience
The basic components of emotion
Fall;Rise
With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________
Novel
People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods
Settling Point
Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term:
Ghrelin
____ is a hormone secreted by an empty stomach; it sends the "I am hungry" signal to the brain
Hypothalamus
In addition to secreting the hunger-triggering hormone orexin, the ________ monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones
Hardiness
Psychologists use the term ________ to refer to human resilience under stress
Achievement Motivation
The desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard is called
Self-Disclosure
________ is confiding and sharing our joys, worries, and weaknesses with others
form close enduring relationships with fellow humans
Most humans are genetically predisposed to
Adequate Clothing; Self-esteem
According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________
incentives
The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of
the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state
Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as:
a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal
According to drive-reduction theory, a need refers to:
drive reduction
Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and_____
James-Lange Theory
Cassandra's mother told her, "You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates the:
Richard Lazarus
Dr. Lee believes that cognitive appraisal is the essential trigger for an emotional response and that all other components of emotion, including physiological arousal, follow from the initial cognitive appraisal. Dr. Lee's views are most consistent with those of:
Parasympathetic
When her son fails to arrive home as expected, Elena fears he has been in an accident. Both her heart and respiration rate remain elevated until she sees him come safely through the door. Her body soon returns to normal due to the action of her ________ nervous system.
was adaptive for our human ancestors by protecting them from toxic substances
Six-year-old David is wary of trying your new lamb stew. He is also not that excited about trying frog legs or chocolate-covered bumblebees. This avoidance of unfamiliar foods:
Bystander Effect
Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the
Reward Theory
According to the ________ of attraction, we will like those whose behavior is rewarding to us, including those who are both able and willing to help us achieve our goals
More; Less
Internet-formed friendships and romantic relationships are, on average, slightly ________ likely than relationships formed in person to last and be satisfying. When conversing online with someone for 20 minutes, participants in one study felt ________ liking for that person than they did for someone they talked with face to face
"Make a point of rewarding and praising your son whenever he is socially cooperative and altruistic."
Which of the following would be the best advice to give parents who are concerned about the frequent aggressive outbursts of their 6-year-old son?
Hindsight Bias
The tendency, after an event has occurred, to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome is called
The suicide rate is the same as for heterosexuals.
Which of the following is NOT true about states where anti-gay prejudice is high?
an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.
Prejudice
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Groupthink
a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that fosters arousal and anonymity.
Deindividuation
...
Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term:
the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiments.
The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by
Close to; Far from
In the Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was ________ the experimenter and ________ the "learner."
rules for socially expected and accepted behavior.
Social norms are best described as
one is made to feel secure.
Researchers find that conformity to the group is more likely when all of the following occur EXCEPT
the Chameleon Effect
Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as
division of labor.
The many professional specialties by which people support themselves and their societies best illustrate that culture enables
cognitive dissonance.
The brain regions that become active when people experience negative arousal also become active when they experience
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by
belief-based feelings
Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.
assigned roles.
The fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
how people explain others' behavior.
Attribution theory was designed to account for
Automatic Mimicry, Mood Linkage, & the Chameleon Effect
Donnie's sister-in-law always has a smile on her face and a joke to tell. The moment she walks into his house Donnie starts smiling, even before she says something funny. This is caused by
seeing your own face in a mirror heightens self-awareness, counteracting deindividuation that can lead to irresponsible behavior.
Every Halloween, Mrs. Augustin puts a bowl of candy on her porch with a sign that says, "Take one." This year the bowl was empty after just a few minutes, leading Mrs. Augustin to believe that one group of children took more than their fair share. To discourage such dishonest actions, Mrs. Augustin positioned a mirror above the candy bowl, which should work because
vivid cases.
Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of
individualism
Self-esteem is especially likely to be a predictor of happiness in cultures that value:
the adaptation-level phenomenon
Which of the following best explains why, for those who are not poor, more money buys little more than a temporary surge of happiness?
they receive more social support.
One possible explanation for the longer life expectancy of religiously active people is that:
depression levels.
Relaxation procedures have been found to reduce:
reducing activity in our limbic system.
The short-term effects of confiding painful feelings may be arousal, but in the long term, talking about painful stress-producing experiences calms us by:
a longer; greater
Compared with pessimists, optimists have ________ life expectancy, and they approach death with a feeling of ________ life satisfaction.
self-control.
The ability to delay immediate gratification of our impulses best illustrates:
individuals can influence their own outcomes in life.
Those who perceive an internal locus of control believe that:
reduced immune responses.
A loss of perceived control tends to result in:
alleviate stress.
Coping refers to a variety of methods used to:
release.
alleviate stress.
the Type A personality.
Anger is the toxic core of:
cortisol
Continuously high levels of ________ are an indication that a person is at high risk for a future heart attack.
reducing lymphocyte levels.
Stress is most likely to speed the progression from HIV to AIDS by:
Stress suppresses the release of lymphocytes.
Which of the following best explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?
immune system.
The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the:
exhaustion
The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by:
epinephrine.
In response to stress, the adrenal glands release:
widowed people are at an increased risk of death in the week following their partner's death.
Research on stressful life events indicates that:
the process by which we appraise and respond to threatening or challenging events.
Psychologists define stress as:
the adaptation-level phenomenon.
Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly happy when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of:
relaxation training.
Aviad, a 50-year-old banking executive and Type A personality, recently suffered a serious heart attack. To prevent a recurrence, Aviad would probably benefit most from:
stress does not cause cancer.
Sophia hopes to minimize her stress levels, thinking it will help her to avoid ovarian cancer, which claimed the life of her grandmother. Sophia would be best advised to remember that:
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