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Kinesiology- the hip

Terms in this set (70)

inominate
ischium, ilium, pubis, acetabulum
femur
head, neck, shaft, fovea
dysplasia
abnormally shallow acetabulum which doesn't cover femoral head well
Instability
Dislocations
Increased loading of superior acetabular rim
coxa profunda
too much coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum
Limited ROM
Internal impingement
<16 degrees
How much does the center edge angle have to be for the acetabulum coverage to be considered dysplasia?
>25 degrees
What is a normal center edge angle?
>40 degrees
what center edge angle is considered overcoverage of the center edge angle?
increases
What happens to your center edge angle as you get older?
acetabular depth
A: Lateral rim of acetabulum to center of femoral head
B: vertical line from center of femoral head
angle of inclination
Angle between the femoral head/ neck and shaft of the femur
125 degrees
What is the "normal" angle of inclination for the acetabulum where the femoral head is in optimal alignment of head with acetabulum
coxa vera
What is it called when an angle of inclination is less than 125 degrees?
coxa valga
What is it called when an angle of inclination is greater than 125 degrees?
150 degrees
Angle of inclination changes from ________ __________ at birth to 125 dg as an adult, can decrease further in older ages
through femoral neck
Where is the force of gravity going with coxa vera?
arthritic compressive disorders
Coxa valga yields more ______________ _______________ ________________ because the bone comes straight down onto the acetabula head
Angle of torsion
"Twist" between femoral neck and femoral shaft
normal
10-15 degrees of anteversion is what for angle of torsion?
>15 degrees
How many degrees for a torsion angle to be considered anteversion?
<10 degrees
How many degrees for a torsion angle to be considered retroversion?
in-toeing
How will someone with extreme anteversion compensate for their torsion angle?
osteoarthritis
Extreme anteversion can lead to what?
anterior dislocation
An uncompensated anteversion torsion angle is at risk for what?
external rotation (much farther to get to neutral)
What motion will increase if you are "toed-in" from an extreme anteversion torsion angle?
internal rotation (much farther to get to neutral)
What motion will increase if you are "toed-out" from a retroversion torsion angle?
toeing out
What is the compensation for a retroversion torsion angle?
vastus lateralis
The compensation for retroversion of "out toeing" will Increase pressure on _____________ _____________ and IT band- they will shorten. Piriformis will be tight.
it will be flat
What will happen to your gluteus maximus if you are constantly toed out as a compensation for retroversion torsion angle?
ball and socket
What kind of joint is the hip joint?
1/3
How much of the body weight is on one leg during bilateral standing?
100%
How much of the body weight is on one leg during unilateral standing?
5x
How much of your body weight is on one foot during running?
anteriorly
where is the iliofemoral joint capsule the strongest?
iliofemoral joint capsule
surrounds femoral neck and blends with labrum and transverse acetabular ligament
extracapsular
The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments are considered what?
intracapsular
The ligamentum teres and transverse acetabular ligament are considered what?
ligamentum teres
Which ligament is considered to be extra-synovial meaning its outside the synovial joint - not really part of the joint - capsule goes around it. So its in the joint capsule (intra articular) but the synovial fluid doesn't go through it.
acetabular labrum
fibrocartilage ring, triangular in cross section, projects outward about 5mm. Internally: fuses with articular cartilage.
low vascularization
Why does the labrum have a slow healing process?
outer 1/3
How much of the labrum has blood supply?
closed packed position
Position of hip Extension, slight internal rotation, and slight abduction
no
Is the closed packed position of the hip the point of maximal congruency of the hip?
Maximal joint congruency
90 dg hip flexion, moderate abduction and external rotation is considered what?
flexion
Full hip _____________ combines posterior tilt of innominate and flexion of L spine in an open chain position
passive
______________ insufficiency of the hamstrings would be flexing the hip without flexing the knee
length of hamstrings
Femoral-on-pelvic hip flexion with knee straight is limited by what?
iliofemoral
Femoral-on-pelvic extension is limited by tension in _______________ ligament as well as other capsular ligaments
rectus femoris
Femoral-on-pelvic ______________ ________________ tightness can limit full extension if hip extension is introduced with knee flexion
hip flexors
Femoral-on-pelvic tightness in ________ ____________ can cause a loss of hip extension
adductor
Femoral-on-pelvic abduction limited by pubofemoral ligament and _________________ muscles
piriformis and IT band
Femoral-on-pelvic adduction limited by contralateral limb and passive tension in hip abductors, __________________ _____ ____ ________
ischiofemoral
Femoral-on-pelvic Internal rotation limited by passive tension of the piriformis, ___________________ ligaments
internal rotation
Femoral-on-pelvic external rotation limited by the lateral part of the iliofemoral ligament
Passive tension in any muscle that performs _______________ ________________
ipsidirectional
Lumbopelvic rhythm _______________________ : Move in same direction such as bending forward
Pelvis rotates anterior, spine flexes
contradirectional
Lumbopelvic rhythm __________________: Move in opposite directions Ex: pelvis rotates anterior while spine extends. Used in walking activities
pubofemoral ligament
Pelvic-on-femoral abduction limited by tightness in ipsilateral adductors and ________________ ________________
IT band, piriformis, TFL
Pelvic-on-femoral adduction limited by _____ _____________, ___________________, ________and spine if hypomobile
anterior tilt
Increases lumbar lordosis, limited by the extension of L spine, pressure on facets
anterior/posterior pelvic tilt
Capsular ligaments are slackened in this position
Tight hip extensors (hamstrings) can limit this motion
primary hip flexors
Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Tensor Fascia Latae
secondary hip flexors
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
primary hip extensors
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris, long head
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
secondary hip extensors
Gluteus medius posterior fibers
Adductor magnus posterior fibers
Piriformis
gluteus maximus
In the presence of pain, what primary hip extensor won't work as much?
primary adductors
Pectineus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Secondary adductors
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus - inferior and posterior fibers
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
primary external rotators
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
secondary external rotators
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius and minimus: posterior fibers
Sartorius
Secondary internal rotators
Gluteus minimus, anterior fibers
Gluteus medius, Anterior fibers
Tensor fasciae latae
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
no (all position dependent)
Are there primary internal rotators?
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