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Ch. 7 Cellular Structer & Function

Terms in this set (16)

Cell theory
One of the fundimentals ideas of modern biology involves one of three principles
1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2.cells are the basic unit of structer and orginization of all living organisms
3. cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copyies other genetic material on to the daughter cells
plasma membrane
thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
Compound Light Microscope
instrument that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps; can magnify an object up to 1500 times its original size
Electron Microscope
a microscope that is similar in purpose to a light microscope but achieves much greater resolving power by using a parallel beam of electrons to illuminate the object instead of a beam of light
Organells
tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell
Eukaryotic Cells
contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes
Prokaryotic Cells
These cells do not have a nucleus nor do they have any membrane-bound organelles...examples include Archae and Bacteria cells.
Selective Permeability
a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out
Phospholipid Bilayer
a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes
Transport Protiens
moves needed substances or waste maaterials through the plasma membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer
Diffusion
process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
Dynamic Equilibrium
result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
Osmosis
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
Exocytosis
process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
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