Effusion vs. edema patho

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Where are the anthropometric measurements taken for the knee capsule and what are their clinical significance?

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Where are the anthropometric measurements taken for the knee capsule and what are their clinical significance?

-20 cm proximal knee jt line - bulk of quad/hamstring - look for atrophy
-10 cm proximal knee jt line - acute knee = measure effusion, chronic knee = atrophy of quad
-Joint line
-15 cm distal knee jt line - bulk of gastroc/soleus - acute = distal dependent edema, chronic = atrophy
-figure 8 of ankle- swelling can occur around ankle

**What is the difference in effusion and edema?

-Effusion = intra-articular swelling
-Edema = extra-articular swelling

**What are the types of extra-articular swelling?

-Edema
-bursitis
-contusion
-hematoma (blood tumor)

True or false: The severity of injury does not always correlate with the severity of the swelling.

True. Ruptured capsule does not swell much but it's a big injury

True or false: The rapidity of swelling usually does correlate with the severity of injury.

True. Torn blood vessel (hemarthrosis) = swells super fast (1-2 hrs) (severe injury). Meniscus tear swells after 12ish hours (not as severe).

**What are the types of intra-articular swelling?

-Synovitis (synovial lining swelling/inflammation, serosanguinous)
-hemarthrosis
-hemarthrosis with fatty globules (intra-articular fracture, globules come from bone)

**What are the harmful effects of hemarthrosis?

1-damage to articular cartilage
2-damage to synovium
3-pain
4-reflex inhibition (from pain and arthrogenic inhibition)
5-atrophy