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Sociology EXAM 3

Terms in this set (64)

Racsism
The belief that one race is innately superior/ inferior to another.
institutional racism
-Most difficult to undo
-built into the social structure
-Stokely Carmichael and Charles Hamilton
Stokely Carmichael
- member of the black power movement in the 1960's
- member of the black panther
Charles Hamilton
- member of the black power movement in the 1960's
- member of the black panther
Assimilation
minority groups accept the culture, traditions of the dominant group
Pluralism
-minority remains but have social parity with the majority group
-is the most compatible with the ideals of democracy
Segregation
Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Expulsion
Forced migration, physical removal of the entire group.
annihilation
-Extermination
-most extreme pattern
Gender
Socially created expectations of male and female behaviors.
>biologiucal sex- ascribed
>gender is taught- achieved status
Patriarchy
A society in which men dominate most aspects of society
sexism
belief that one sex is innately superior to another.
Parsons + Bales
-suggest that gender inequality is functional for society
-men should play an instrumental role
-women play an expressive role
Instrumental role
-the position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure
-Men
expressive role
the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing
-women
structural functional theory
a position that explores how particular social forms function from day to day in order to reproduce the traditional structure of the society
Conflict theory
-economic issue
-men still earn more money than women in comparable jobs
-as long as men make more money than women there will be gender inequality.
Family
fundamental social unit in all societies
common characteristics of family
-relatively permanent group of people
-form an economic unit
-live together
-care for their young
2 types of families
-family of orientation
-family of procreation
family of orientation
the family in which a person grows up
family of procreation
the family formed when a couple's first child is born
marriage
An acceptable mating arrangement between 2 or more people
monogamy
Marriage to only one person at a time
pre- industrial society
marriage often seen as economic arrangment
polygamy
married to multiple spouses
Polyandry
One female, several males.
Polygyny
One male, several females.
Characteristics of love
-idealization of loved one
-the notion of the one and only
-love at first sight
-love winning out overall
-indulgence of personal emotion
Functions of romantic love
-transfers loyalties from a family of orientation to a family of procreation
-provides emotional support from both sides
-an incentive to marry in a society that does not require it.
Characteristics of marriage
-takes place ion public setting + is formal
-sex is an explicit part of the arrangement
-provides an acceptable environment for having children
-stable and enduring relationship
6 functions of family
-socialization
-regulate sexual behavior
-replacement of societies members
-care + protection
-provide emotiona; support
-social placement
extended families
Households made up of several generations
industrial families
- families underwent fundamental change during the industrial age. Instead of families working together in a group at home, they would work separately outside their homes
nuclear family
-Mother, father, and children living as a unit
-allow for more geographic movement
-allows for an inheritance to sons and daughters
-social movement
divorce
U.S. has the highest rating in the world.
Durkheim
-suggests that all religions distinguish between the sacred and the profane.
Religion
the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
sacred
supernatural world
>prayer
>meditation
profane
everyday world
>knowable
>observable
religion
A system of beliefs and practices based on the sacred.
ritual + prayer
some are formal and informal
emotion
ritual and prayer are done to promote the emotional state.
characteristics of all religions
-ritual + prayer
-emotion
-belief system
-organization
Types of Religions Groups
1) Cult
2) Sect
3) Church
4) Ecclesia
Animisim
-the belief that supernatural forces influence human events
-forces come and go at will
-can inhabit both animate and inanimate objects
-forces have feelings and motives of their own
Animism
-forces have human- like qualities
-forces can be dealt with in human ways (exorcism, magic)
-still practiced in Vietnam
what are 2 types of Theism
1) polytheism
2) monotheism
polytheism
belief in divine beings
> gods
> godess
ex: wicca
monotheism
Belief in one God
ex: Judaism, Protestant, Catholic
Abstract ideas
-tries to promote/ increase ones religious consciousness
-believes in working on human behavior than the worship of a god.
ex: Buddhism
proselytize
-actively seek converts
-most religions do not do this.
-those who do have a convincing theodicy
Theodicy
-explanations for great mysteries of life
Functions of Religion
-satisfying individual needs
-social cohesion
-establishing world views
-adaptation to society
social cohesion
brings like- minded people together
Weber
-suggest that religion, via calvinism, was the push behind industrialization
-a basic tenet of calvinism is predestination
-worldly success became a symbol of salvation
adaptation of society
some religions serve society in a material way
Marx conflict theory
-dominant religion of any society will be that of the ruling class
-religion is a tool used by the ruling class to control the masses
-religion helps maintain status-quo
-man-made religion did not make man.
-religion is nothing more than an opiate fed to the masses
dysfunction of religion
-religion often presents the existing social order is the only conceivable way
-religion can negate the needed social change
-the insistence that there is only one true way to believe.
Ecclesia
-strong institution
-family tied to state
-protect and promote interests of ruling class
- member by birth
ex: church of England
Saudi Arabia
Denomination
-not tied to the state
-found in societies that accept religious pluralism
-often work in the secular community
Sect
-more loosely organized denomination
-often break away
-proselytize
-avoid secular society
-less tolerant of other religions
ex: Jehovahs witness
Cult
-led by highly charismatic leaders
-often temporary
-polarization between good and evil
-theirs is the truth
-can be difficult to get away or leave
-members are often manipulated by fear or guilt.
ex: Jim Jones (Jonestown)
reason for divorce
-we don't spend enough time together
-the fading of romantic love
-women to as economically dependant on men
-no longer has a stigma attached
- marriage is easy to dissolve
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