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Liver Function Tests

Terms in this set (23)

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Formerly SGOT, this is increased with hepatocellular disease, useful in detecting ACUTE hepatitis before jaundice occurs. It is NOT increased in cases of chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis or obstructive jaundice.
Increased in cases of liver cell necrosis due to viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis and other acute forms
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Formerly SGPT, This enzyme is increased with hepatocellular disease and is used to asses jaundice. It rises higher than other enzymes in cases of hepatitis and takes 2-3 months to return to normal
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Normally found in serum. Its level rises in liver and biliary tract disorders when bile excreations impaired. Obstruction of bile can be caused by either biliary or liver disorders.
Ammonia
Normally metabolizes in the liver and is excreted as urea. Increased in hepatocellular disease.
Alpha fetal protein (AFP)
A protein normally produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac, GI tract, scrotal and hepatocellular germ cell neoplasms and other cancers in adults.
Bilirubin
Derived from a breakdown of red blood cells into hemoglobin. Excreted by the liver in bile. When destruction of red blood cells increases greatly or when the liver is unable to excrete normal amounts, the ______ serum levels increase.
Too great of an increase and jaundice occurs. levels of indirect and direct _____ may determine intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction.
direct/conjugated
______ bilirubin is elevated if there is an obstruction of the biliary system. Obstructive jaundice.
Indirect/unconjugated
_______ bilirubin excessive destruction of red blood cells associated with anemias and liver disease, elevation of the total bilirubin occurs with hepatitis, hepatic metastasis.
Hematocrit
Volume percentage of erythrocytes in the whole body. a drop in hematocrit can indicate a hematoma due to liver trauma or bleeding elsewhere in the body.
Leukocytosis
A substantial increase in white blood cells above the normal range indicates an inflammatory process or an abscess
Prothrombin time
When liver function is compromised by liver disease, ____ ____ is decreased and can caused uncontrolled hemorrhage
Urinary bile and bilirubin
Possible spillover into the blood in obstructive liver disease or where there is an excess of red blood cell destruction
urobilinogen
__________ is a product of hemoglobin breakdown and can be elevated in cases of liver disease, hemolytic disease or severe infections. _____ does not increase in cases of COMPLETE biliary obstruction.
Fecal urobilinogen
Traces of urobilinogen are normal found in fecal matter. An increase may suggest an increase in hemolysis. A decrease is seen with complete obstruction of the biliary system.
decrease
A _______ in fecal urobilinogen is seen with COMPLETE obstruction of the biliary system
increase
A hepatic digestive abnormalities may cause an _____ in fecal urobilinogen
Bilirubin
Formed from the breakdown of red blood cells into hemoglobin
Direct/Conjugated
_______ bilirubin is elevated when there is obstruction of the biliary system
True
Bile and bilirubin are not normally found in urine (True or False)
bile
____ pigments may be found in blood when there is a biliary obstruction
bilirubin
_______ is found alone when there is excessive amount of red blood cell destruction
urobilinogen
product of hemoglobin breakdown
Urobilinogen
DOES NOT increase or no excess is found IN URINE in cases of complete biliary obstruction
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