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US HISTORY: 9.3, 10.1, 10.2
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Terms in this set (58)
Stephen F. Austin
known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States.
Land grant
a gift of public land to an individual or organization
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)
Texas Revolution
the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico
Alamo
a mission and fort in San Antonio, Texas, where Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836
Sam Houston
Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas
the nation established in 1836 when American settlers in the Mexican province of Texas declared and fought for their independence, also commonly known at that time as the "Lone Star Republic."
Annex
to incorporate a territory into an existing political unit, such as a state or a nation
Wilmot Proviso
An amendment to an 1846 military appropriations bill, proposing that none of the territory acquired in the war with Mexico would be open to slavery.
Secession
the formal withdrawal of a state from the Union
Compromise of 1850
a series of congressional measures intended to settle the major disagreements between free states and slave states
Popular Sovereignty
a system in which the residents vote to decide an issue
Stephen A. Douglas
Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine
Millard Fillmore
13th President
Which of the following best explains the dependence of the southern economy on slavery
The southern economy was rural and consisted mostly of plantations
The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery should be banned from
All the territories won from Mexico
The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union is known as
Secession
What was Henry Clay's primary purpose in offering the Compromise of 1850
To avoid a civil was over the issue of slavery
According to the idea of popular sovereignty, which of the following would decide whether slavery would be allowed in a territory?
The residents of the territory
Why did the Mexican government offer land grants to empresarios
To encourage settlers who would promise to obey Mexican laws
Under Mexican rule, the main appeal Texas held for American settlers was
A cheap land
What did Stephen Austin fo to Mexico City for
He asked for self-government for texas
The battle most responsible for winning Texas its freedom from Mexico took place
Near the San Jacinto River
Within the United States, conflicts over what delayed the annexation of Texas?
The balance of slave and free states
Fugitive Slave Act
a law enacted as part of the Compromise of 1850, designed to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage
Personal liberty laws
Statues, passed in nine Northern states in the 1850s, that forbade the imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed jury trials for fugitive slaves
Underground Railroad
a system of routes along which runaway slaves were helped to escape to Canada or to safe areas in the free states
Harriet Tubman
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin
A best-selling novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852, that portrayed slavery as a great moral evil
Kansas-Nebraska Act
a law, enacted in 1854, that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery
John Brown
An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory
Bleeding Kansas
a name applied to the Kansas Territory in the years before the Civil War, when the territory was a battleground between proslavery and antislavery forces
What is one way in which abolitionists defied the Fugitive Slave Act
Nine northern states passed laws forbidding the imprisonment of runaway slaves
One of the most active conductors on the Underground Railroad was
Harriet Tubman
The publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin helped
Northerners understand and sympathize with the problems of slavery
What was a result of passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska
Why did people start calling the Kansas Territory "Bleeding Kansas"
Many bloody confrontations between proslavery posses and antislavery groups happened there
What are the reasons for the Empresarios, and what was their purpose?
- empresarios were offered land grants from mexico in exchange
- they attracted american settlers to buy land in mexico
Why did Americans want to move to Mexico?
they wanted to take advantage of the cheap land that was being offered
What were the reasons for conflict between the American settlers and the Mexican gov.?
- cultural differences
- issue of slavery (slavery was illegal in mexico)
- disputes over borders
- religion: you had to be roman catholic in mexico
- language: americans did not want to assimilate
What happened at the Alamo, and what famous Americans were there?
- famous americans: jim bowie (famous frontiersman), James Travis, Davy Crockett
- james travis= captain of the fort
- texans attacked the abandoned mission fort
- santa anna stormed the american garrison
and kileld 187 men
- gave Sam Houston the time to create an army in Texas
What role does Sam Houston play in Texas independence?
leader of the Texan army at the Battle of San Jancito
What role does Stephen Austen play in Texas independence?
known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States. He tried to present a petition for greater self-government and was imprisoned for inciting a revolution. Becomes the president of the new republic of texas
What was the main appeal Texas held for American settlers?
you could buy land at cheap rates
The battle most responsible for winning Texas its freedom from Mexico was?
battle of san jancito
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
stated that there should be no slavery allowed in the new territories acquired from Mexico- dont need slaves in these territoires because the land is unfit
- maintains that balance in congress
Who creates the Compromise of 1850?
Henry Clay
What state enters under the compromise of 1850?
california
What is the purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act?
- to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage
- slaves get no trial or representation
- prevents habius corpus (takes away all rights)
What strife is created from the concept of Popular Sovereignty (know specific details).
- kansas: people cross into its border illegally to vote
- bleeding kansas results
- pro slave men (800) ride into lawrence (anti slavery town) and set fire
- john brown and abolitionists ride into pottowatomie (pro-slavery town)
Who is involved and what are the roles of the Underground Rail Road?
- called conductors
- free african americans and white abolitionists were involved
- they aided fugitive slaves in their escape to the north
- they hid fugitives in secret tunnels, provided them with food and clothing, escorted them between stations
What is the Mason Dixon Line?
The boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania (between slave and free states)
What is the Kansas Nebraska Act and why does it call blood shed?
- it is a law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery
- settlers in kansas disagreed over the issue of slavery
- seen as a power grab to settle the balance between slave and free states
The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union is known as?
secession
One of the most active conductors on the Underground Railroad was?
harriet tubman
What did the Dred Scott decision do?
The U.S Supreme Court ruled that Congress had no power to bar slavery in any of the new territories
- Dred Scott had no rights- slave does not have the right to talk to the court
- denies the humanity of all black people
How would you describe John Brown?
extremely violent, crazy, impulsive
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