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Pathways to Present Chapter 14 vocab

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (38)

Push pull factors

events and conditions that either force (push) people to move elsewhere or strongly attract (pull) them to do so - reasons for major migrations -

Pacific Railway Acts

granted every alternate section of public land to the amount of five alternate sections per mile on each side of the RR - gov gave large land grants to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR - received

Morrill Land- Grant Act

gave state gov millions of acres of western lands, which could raise money for colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts - congress passed it in 1862

Land Speculators

People who bought up large areas of land in the hope of selling it later for prophet

signed by President Lincoln, 1862 - it was that the settlers could have 160 acres of land for a small fee if : were older then 21 or head of family, american citizen , built house a certain size , lived in it for at least 6 months a year and farmed land.

African american settlers who followed reconstruction - 50000 of them migrated west - Benjamin Pap Singleton was leader

vast grassland between the Mississippi river and rocky mountains - changed NA lives - buffalo was huge part on plains : gave food , clothing and shelter - horses were brought from Mexico in 1700s

people who traveled from place to place following food sources instead of living in 1 location - used horses

federal lands set aside - NA were restricted to them

Battle of Little Bighorn

June 1876, battle between George Custer and Siox - Siox won with 2,000 warriors killing 200 per hour - took place in Montana - Custer was demolished

ritual where people joined hands and whirled around in a circle - was promised by prophet - popular with Teton Sioux - responded with violence (difference in culture)

Massacre at Wounded Knee

last major episode of violence in the Indian wars - officer killed sitting Bull - 120 men , 230 women and children surrendered at creek, someone fired which lead soldiers to open fire killing 200.

process by which one society becomes part of another, more dominant society by adopting its culture

divided reservation land into individual plots - each NA received a plot - 160 acres - land holders were granted US citizenship subject to local state and federal laws

settlers who staked claims on about 2 million acres

people who had seaked past the gov officials earlier to mark their claim

a technique using a shallow pan in which a miner scooped dirt and water, then swished it around - lighter particles washed away while the gold was left behind

the herding of thousands of cattle to railway centers across the plains - cowboys used it

those who farmed claims under the Homestead act - first order was to build a home - built a dugout or soddie

(sod home) structure with walls and roof made from blocks of sod - strips of grass with the thick roots and earth attached - cost less then 10 $

a water conversation technique : including planting crops that do not need so much water- keeping fields with no weeds and digging furrows so water can reach the plants root

operations controlled by large business, managed by pros and raising massive quantities of single cash crops.

a theory that was made by Frederick Jackson turner - 1893- claimed that the frontier had played a key role in forming the American character

exaggerated or over simplified descriptions of reality

the amount of money in the national economy - if gov increased money supply, the dollar value drops - this drop causes rises on goods

drop on the prices on goods - people who lend money are helped by deflation - after the civil war , nation had deflation

Monetary Policy

federal gov plan for the makeup and quantity of the nations money supply, thus emerged as a major political issue

Bimetallic standard

a currency consisted of gold or silver coins or the US treasury notes that could be traded in for gold or silver

unlimited coining of silver dollars to increase the money supply - silver rites called for it

Bland - Allison act

1878 , was for the silverrites, a step in the right direction - required federal gov to purchase and coin more silver , increasing the money supply and causing inflation, passed by congress - vetoed by president Rutherford B Hayes because he opposed inflation it would create

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

1890, congress passed it - increased the amount of silver the gov was required to purchase every month - law required treasury to buy silver with notes that could be redeemed for either silver or gold - it backfired when exchanged silver for gold - president Cleveland over saw repeal of act

(patrons of husbandry) founded by Oliver H, Kelley - helped farmers form cooperation's which they bought good in large quantities at lower prices - pressured state legislatures too regulate business on which farmers depended.

Interstate commerce act

signed by Cleveland - regulated the prices that railroads charged to move freight between states requiring the rates to be set in proportion to the distance traveled - made it illegal to give special rates to some costumers - made principle that congress could regulate RRs - set up ICC to enforce laws

a new national party that demanded radical changes in federal economic and social policies - increased circulation of money - unlimited minting of silver - progressive income tax - gov ownership of communication and transportation

cross of gold speech

1896 domestic convention in Chicago where William Jennings Bryan made speech which then nominated him as president - Most famous in american history

created new wealth (Au, Ag..) - took Indian land - changed natural landscape - boom towns/ ghost towns

brought beef to east - encouraged RR expansion - cow towns -Indian land stolen/ takes

made land productive - Indian land was taken - farmed rural towns - lured imigrants

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