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Pathways to Present Chapter 14 vocab
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Gravity
Book : American Pathways to present Chapter 14 vocab History
Terms in this set (38)
Push pull factors
events and conditions that either force (push) people to move elsewhere or strongly attract (pull) them to do so - reasons for major migrations -
Pacific Railway Acts
granted every alternate section of public land to the amount of five alternate sections per mile on each side of the RR - gov gave large land grants to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR - received
Morrill Land- Grant Act
gave state gov millions of acres of western lands, which could raise money for colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts - congress passed it in 1862
Land Speculators
People who bought up large areas of land in the hope of selling it later for prophet
Homestead Act
signed by President Lincoln, 1862 - it was that the settlers could have 160 acres of land for a small fee if : were older then 21 or head of family, american citizen , built house a certain size , lived in it for at least 6 months a year and farmed land.
Exodusters
African american settlers who followed reconstruction - 50000 of them migrated west - Benjamin Pap Singleton was leader
Great plains
vast grassland between the Mississippi river and rocky mountains - changed NA lives - buffalo was huge part on plains : gave food , clothing and shelter - horses were brought from Mexico in 1700s
Nomads
people who traveled from place to place following food sources instead of living in 1 location - used horses
Reservations
federal lands set aside - NA were restricted to them
Battle of Little Bighorn
June 1876, battle between George Custer and Siox - Siox won with 2,000 warriors killing 200 per hour - took place in Montana - Custer was demolished
Ghost Dance
ritual where people joined hands and whirled around in a circle - was promised by prophet - popular with Teton Sioux - responded with violence (difference in culture)
Massacre at Wounded Knee
last major episode of violence in the Indian wars - officer killed sitting Bull - 120 men , 230 women and children surrendered at creek, someone fired which lead soldiers to open fire killing 200.
Assimilation
process by which one society becomes part of another, more dominant society by adopting its culture
Dawes act
divided reservation land into individual plots - each NA received a plot - 160 acres - land holders were granted US citizenship subject to local state and federal laws
Boomers
settlers who staked claims on about 2 million acres
Sooners
people who had seaked past the gov officials earlier to mark their claim
Placer mining
a technique using a shallow pan in which a miner scooped dirt and water, then swished it around - lighter particles washed away while the gold was left behind
Long drive
the herding of thousands of cattle to railway centers across the plains - cowboys used it
Homesteaders
those who farmed claims under the Homestead act - first order was to build a home - built a dugout or soddie
Soddie
(sod home) structure with walls and roof made from blocks of sod - strips of grass with the thick roots and earth attached - cost less then 10 $
Dry farming
a water conversation technique : including planting crops that do not need so much water- keeping fields with no weeds and digging furrows so water can reach the plants root
Banzana farms
operations controlled by large business, managed by pros and raising massive quantities of single cash crops.
Turner thesis
a theory that was made by Frederick Jackson turner - 1893- claimed that the frontier had played a key role in forming the American character
Stereotypes
exaggerated or over simplified descriptions of reality
Money supply
the amount of money in the national economy - if gov increased money supply, the dollar value drops - this drop causes rises on goods
deflation
drop on the prices on goods - people who lend money are helped by deflation - after the civil war , nation had deflation
Monetary Policy
federal gov plan for the makeup and quantity of the nations money supply, thus emerged as a major political issue
Bimetallic standard
a currency consisted of gold or silver coins or the US treasury notes that could be traded in for gold or silver
Free Silver
unlimited coining of silver dollars to increase the money supply - silver rites called for it
Bland - Allison act
1878 , was for the silverrites, a step in the right direction - required federal gov to purchase and coin more silver , increasing the money supply and causing inflation, passed by congress - vetoed by president Rutherford B Hayes because he opposed inflation it would create
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890, congress passed it - increased the amount of silver the gov was required to purchase every month - law required treasury to buy silver with notes that could be redeemed for either silver or gold - it backfired when exchanged silver for gold - president Cleveland over saw repeal of act
The Grange
(patrons of husbandry) founded by Oliver H, Kelley - helped farmers form cooperation's which they bought good in large quantities at lower prices - pressured state legislatures too regulate business on which farmers depended.
Interstate commerce act
signed by Cleveland - regulated the prices that railroads charged to move freight between states requiring the rates to be set in proportion to the distance traveled - made it illegal to give special rates to some costumers - made principle that congress could regulate RRs - set up ICC to enforce laws
Populists
a new national party that demanded radical changes in federal economic and social policies - increased circulation of money - unlimited minting of silver - progressive income tax - gov ownership of communication and transportation
cross of gold speech
1896 domestic convention in Chicago where William Jennings Bryan made speech which then nominated him as president - Most famous in american history
Minors
created new wealth (Au, Ag..) - took Indian land - changed natural landscape - boom towns/ ghost towns
Ranchers
brought beef to east - encouraged RR expansion - cow towns -Indian land stolen/ takes
Farmers
made land productive - Indian land was taken - farmed rural towns - lured imigrants
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