Scheduled maintenance: Saturday, March 6 from 3–4 PM PST
Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Exam 7

Terms in this set (50)

Acute fatigue
manifests as normal tiredness associated with a single event, such as a poor night's sleep, a stressful experience, or an acute infection.
Acute pain
pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period, which is usually 30 days to 6 months.
Breathing exercises
used to slow the breathing rate by focusing on taking regular and deep breaths from the diaphragm; increases oxygen delivery throughout the body.
Chronic fatigue
a more intense fatigue that lasts longer than acute fatigue and may be exacerbated by physical and mental activity
Chronic fatigue syndrome
lasts more than 6 months and is accompanied by muscle and joint pain, headaches, and sleep and memory problems
Chronic pain
lasts longer than 6 months and persists beyond the expected period of healing
Comfort
the immediate state of being strengthened by having the needs for relief, ease, and transcendence addressed in the four contexts of holistic human experience: physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental
End-of-life care
nursing care given to a patient who is near death as well as care provided to the patient's family
Fatigue
a lack of energy and motivation
Fibromyalgia
a disease that is often associated with other rheumatoid conditions and is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and psychologic distress
Imagery
(guided imagery) involves focusing on pleasant images, such as a beach or garden, to replace negative images such as pain and darkness
Insomnia
characterized by difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep or by a short sleep duration even with adequate time spent attempting to sleep
Movement techniques
postures such as yoga and tai chi stretch specific muscle groups and have been shown to improve strength and balance and reduce pain
Muscle relaxation
involves tightening and then relaxing each muscle group; technique helps patients recognize the difference between tension and relaxation
Narcolepsy
a condition in which the individual experiences excessive daytime sleepiness even with adequate nighttime sleep, resulting in sleep attacks and cataplexy
Pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
Parasomnia
an unpleasant or undesirable behavior (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep terrors) that occurs at any point during sleep
Polysomnography (PSG)
a sleep study, often used to diagnose sleep disorders
Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
a neurologic disorder that results in an irresistible urge to move the legs or other body parts, often resulting in impaired sleep habits
Sleep apnea
Sleep-disordered breathing, occurs when an individual experiences breathing pauses during sleep
Sleep hygiene
a variety of sleep practices that help individuals attain good-quality sleep at night so they can be alert during the day
Sleep loss
a duration of sleep shorter than the recommended 7-8 hours per night for adults
Tender points
18 points tested when fibromyalgia suspected; located throughout the neck, shoulder, chest, hip, knee, and elbow regions
Breakthrough pain
a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously, or in relation to a specific predictable or unpredictable trigger, despite relatively stable and adequately controlled background pain
Central pain
caused by damage to nerves in the central nervous system due to stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, or trauma
Chronic pain
pain that lasts beyond the expected time of healing, usually for at least 6 months; does not always have a known cause
Co-analgesic
drugs that are used primarily for another purpose but also have some analgesic properties, can also be used to treat pain alone or in combination with other analgesic drugs
End-of-dose medication failure
pain experienced at the end of one dose of medication before the next dose is scheduled
Gate control theory
stimulation of small-diameter (pain) fibers causes gates to open, whereas stimulation of large-diameter (heat, cold, and mechanical) fibers causes gates to close
Idiopathic pain
pain not associated with any known cause
Incident pain
short-term, predictable pain that accompanies a movement or activity
Narcotics
morphine-like drugs that have potential for abuse
Nerve block
an injection of a local anesthetic around nerves to temporarily block nerve activity
Neuropathic pain
pain caused by nerve malfunction or injuries resulting from trauma, disease, chemicals, infections, and tumors
Nociceptive pain
pain resulting from external stimuli on an uninjured, fully functional nervous system
Nociceptor
sensory receptors that respond to pain and send a signal along the sensory neurons to the spinal cord, where the signal is transmitted to the brain for interpretation
Opioids
drugs that act on one or more of three opioid receptors: mu, delta, and kappa
Pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
Pain threshold
the point at which pain is initially felt
Pain tolerance
the maximum amount of pain a patient will tolerate
Phantom pain
pain felt in an amputated limb or body part
Psychogenic pain
pain associated with psychologic factors, including mental or emotional problems, rather than physiologic factors, such as injury or disease
Referred pain
pain sensed in a region other than the site of origin
Sensitization
an increased response to pain over time
Somatic pain
sharp pain that originates from nociceptors located in the skin and musculoskeletal tissues
Visceral pain
dull, deep, aching pain that originates from internal body organs and the linings of body cavities in the chest, abdomen, and pelvic areas
Describing Pain
Pain is described in location, intensity, quality, and duration.
Location
-Description of where pain is in the body, may indicate underlying problem
-Radiation- spreading or extending to other areas
Referred-appearing to arise in different areas of the body
Intensity of Pain
-Categorizing:mild, moderate, severe
-Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale—young or illiterate patients
Standard 0-10 scale:
-1-4 = mild pain
-5-6= moderate pain
-7-10 = severe pain
Quality of Pain
-Quality of pain varies depending on patient's pain perception, vocabulary, personality, and culture
-Superficial pain may be described as: Itchy, Tingling, Tender, Sensitive
-Deep pain may be described as: Stabbing, Burning, Shooting, Radiating, Throbbing, Heavy
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...