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Ancient World History Honors Midterm

Terms in this set (96)

Sumer
The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years
Cuneiform
the world's first system of writing, wedge-shaped marks in clay tablets
Polytheism
Belief in many gods
city-state
a city that with its surrounding territory
Tigirs and Euphrates
Empire
A group of territories controlled by one ruler
Gilgamesh
Hero of ancient stories, prove some events took place
Ziggarat
a temple built by the Sumerians to honor their chief god
Sargon
King of Akkad, created first empire
Akkadian Empire
first empire, ruled by Sargon, 2300 BC
Babylonian Empire
Unified all of Mesopotamia, ruled by Hammurabi, 1800 BC
Hammurabi
Babylonian King
Hammurabi's Code
first written code/set of laws that all were expected to obey
Hittites
Conquered Babylon, used iron and steel, 1400 BC
Assyrian Empire
Warlike people, 1400 BC
King Assurbanipal
Assyrian king who founded one of the world's first libraries around 600 BC
New Babylonian Empire
a revival of the old Babylonian empire, ruled by Nebuchadnezzar, 612 BC
Persian Empire
Greatest empire, ruled by Darius I, 550 BC
Zoroastrianism
First Person monotheistic religion, created by Zoroaster
Phonecians
carriers of civilization, known for manufacturing and trade, developed alphabet
Judaism
monotheistic religion created by the Israelites
torah
First five books of the Hebrew Bible
Abraham
father of judaism, made covenant with god
Moses
renewed god's covenant and lead Israelites from Egypt back to promise land
Saul
First king of Israel, united the 12 tribes
David
Second king of Israel, established Jerusalem
Soloman
third king of Israel, worked on developing the city
Ten Commandments
ten laws and teachings said to have been given to Moses by God
Prophet
spiritual leader who interprets God's will
diaspora
the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
King Menes
United upper and lower Egypt
Pharaoh
A ruler of ancient Egypt
vizier
a high government official in ancient Egypt
Mummification
embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy
Heiroglyphics
ancient Egyptian writing system using symbols
scribe
a person who records important events in writing
Rosetta Stone
A stone slab inscribed with language translations, lead to comprehension of hieroglyphics
Sumer
The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years
Cuneiform
the world's first system of writing, wedge-shaped marks in clay tablets
Polytheism
Belief in many gods
city-state
a city that with its surrounding territory
Tigirs and Euphrates
Empire
A group of territories controlled by one ruler
Gilgamesh
Hero of ancient stories, prove some events took place
Ziggarat
a temple built by the Sumerians to honor their chief god
Sargon
King of Akkad, created first empire
Akkadian Empire
first empire, ruled by Sargon, 2300 BC
Babylonian Empire
Unified all of Mesopotamia, ruled by Hammurabi, 1800 BC
Hammurabi
Babylonian King
Hammurabi's Code
first written code/set of laws that all were expected to obey
Hittites
Conquered Babylon, used iron and steel, 1400 BC
Assyrian Empire
Warlike people, 1400 BC
King Assurbanipal
Assyrian king who founded one of the world's first libraries around 600 BC
New Babylonian Empire
a revival of the old Babylonian empire, ruled by Nebuchadnezzar, 612 BC
Persian Empire
Greatest empire, ruled by Darius I, 550 BC
Zoroastrianism
First Person monotheistic religion, created by Zoroaster
Phonecians
carriers of civilization, known for manufacturing and trade, developed alphabet
Subcontinent
A large landmass that juts out from a continent
Monsoon
A seasonal wind
Indus Religion
Polytheistic
mother goddess= source of creation, honored with male god
animals were sacred
Vedas (Aryans)
Collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions
Iron
Aryans made tools from iron
Indus Politics
Right to rule given from gods
issued laws, collected taxes, systems of defense
rulers relied on royal officials
Indus Economy
artisans
singers
dancers
storytellers
bricklayers
soldiers
merchants
metal working
Indus Social Structure
Priests+Nobles
Wealthy Merchants
Artisans
Peasant Farmers
Slaves
Indus Valley Dates
2500-1800 B.C
Indus People Farmer+traded
wheat
barley
melons
dates
cotton- cloth
copper
pearls
ivory
ships
Indus Decline?
possibly invaders
earthquake or drought
floods
desert
Aryans Dates
2000-1500 B.C
Aryans Language
Indo-European languages
Aryan Social Structure
Varnas:
Brahmin; learn
Kshatriyas; power
Vaisyas; produce goods
Sudras; serve
Aryan Religion
Indra god of war
Sacrifice food+drink
gods embodied natural forces
The Great Vedic Epics
Mahabharata and Ramayana
Mahabharata
the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between 1000 and 700 BC
Ramayana
A Hindu epic written in Sanskrit that describes the adventures of the king Rama and his queen
Brahman
Hinduism
universal all powerful spirit
Vishnu
Hindu god - the preserver
Shiva
Hindu God - The Destroyer
Shakti
Hindu God- the female divine
Vedas
Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.
Moksha
The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.
karma
(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation
Dharma
In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties
Jainism
Founded in 500 B.C
Meditations, self denial, extreme form of ahimsa
Founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Four Noble Truths
1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire.
3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture.
4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
right views, right aspirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right contemplation
Nirvana
union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth
Ahmisa
non-violence
Hinduism and Buddhism
Chandragupta Maurya
founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government
321 B.C
Government in Maurya Empire
bureaucracy
royal officials collected taxes, managed state owned factories and shipyards
Asoka
grandson of Chandragupta; most honored emperor for his commitment to spreading peace and prosperity to all; was buddhist but accepted other religions; decline came after his death
Witnessed murder of 100,000 people during war
Gupta Empire
320 A.D- 540 A.D
Golden Age of India
Government of Gupta Empire
organized strong central government
power in hands of villages
city governments were elected by merchants and artisans
Gupta Empire Education
in religious schools
learned math, medicine, physics, languages, literature
developed decimal system
Joint Family Structure
family organization in which several generations share a common dwelling
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