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ESL Supplemental Test 154:Common Language Learning Terms

Terms in this set (80)

Affective Filter
The Filter in which ELLs receive language input, which is impacted about how the student feels about himself and the situation.
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
Social language that is necessary for basic everyday communication. (Conversational Language)
Cognitive Academic Language Proficient (CALP)
A Highly developed level of proficiency that allows a person to use abstract, decontextualized language competently and confidently to perform challenging academic work. Textbook language.
Cognitive Academic Language Approach (CALLA)
Cognitive Academic Language approach. An Approach that's capitalized on the knowledge and skills that learners already possess, while encouraging the learner to develop new and more effective strategies for learning.
Chunking
Putting words together into meaningful phrases
Cloze
a reading or listening technique that eliminates every nth work usually the 10th in a passage to test mastery of comprehension in written or spoken language. (Students fill in the blanks of appropriate words)
Discourse
language longer then a single language. Conversations
ELL
English Language Learner who is learning English as a second language
ESL
English as a Second Language : English language learning that occurs in a country in which English is the primary language.
Graphophonics
The system of Letter sound relationships in a language
Home Language Survey
Servay conducted only once in English and the native language to determine the language normally used in the home and used by the student.
Idiom
A figurative phrase that is culturally bound and must be understood as a meaningful chunck
L1
The learners 1st language
L2
The learners 2nd Language
Target Language
Language being acquired
syntax
structure of sentences and how words can legitimately be put together in a sentence , grammar
semantics
the meaning of words or groups of words used together
register
the level of formality in a language , formal vs informal
realia
Real objects or pictures of them
phonology
The study of a sound system in any language
Phoneme
The smallest unit of language that serves to distinguish the utterance of another. (The Place between forward slashes /b/)
Morphology
The study of how words change into parts.
Morpheme
The smallest unit of language that has meaning. -ly, re-
Minimal Pair
A Pair of words that differ in only a phoneme or a sound (rice/lice)
Metacognition
Learning to learn, thinking about the learning process.
Lexicon
a list of vocabulary of a language or a domaine
Silent Period
Period of time that a language learner is silent. could last several month not all language learners do this
Pragmatics
Knowledge of how to use a language appropriately in both formal and informal settings
LPAC
Language Proficiency Assessment Committee. required by law. makes determinations about ELL students , program placement, assessment
TPR
Total Physical Response: a teaching method that focuses on listening comprehension, utilizing direct commands and physical responses to demonstrate comprehension. (Method does not require student to speak until they feel comfortable about expressing themselves after they have acquired a large receptive /listening vocabulary)
LEP
Limited English Proficient. term used in education for students whos English language skills are insufficient for them to succeed in a regular classroom.
Autonmous
A term used to refer to learners who manage their own learning. (Self-directed)
Bottom-up processing
Learners read by sounding out individual words and attempting to understand a text by processing every sound and word. Learners attempt to understand text by understanding or translating each word individually.
Chunks
processing language input in pieces rather than word by word
Primary Language Support (PLS)
Using a student's home language during ESL or Sheltered English content area instruction to make the English instruction more comprehensible
Languages Other Than English (LOTE)
Languages Other Than English; division of the Texas Education Agency that coordinates the development of the TEKS and all instructional activities in foreign language programs.
Input
material to listen to or read in the target language
Output Hypothesis
Merrill Swain's theory that input alone is insufficient to develop high-level language competence. Emphasize pushed or forced output so that learners are encouraged to produce increasingly complex and native like language.
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)
A model for sheltered English that provides teachers with an instructional framework for teaching ELLs. Focuses on building learner background, offering comprehensible input, incorporating strategy instruction, and practice/application.
Bilingual Education
An educational program where students receive instruction in both their first and second languages to keep them from falling behind in their content learning and to encourage the development of their first language while they are learning English.
Content Based Instruction
Using the basic subjects to teach English
Stand Alone Language Classes
Separate classes focusing on language instruction that students attend for at least part of the school day.
Sociocultural Perspective
language learning that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture
Gifted and Talented EL
GT classes for bilinguals
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)
The amount of progress a school or school district must make each year reaching target objectives
Formal Operations
Refers to the ability to think abstractly, including scientific and logical thought, inductive and deductive reasoning, and the ability to use and manipulate mental symbols.
Sociolingustic Competence
Learners must follow cultural conventions for verbal and nonverbal behavior within interpersonal communication in areas such suitability of topics, politeness, and turn taking. Learners must also understand the cultural content of language and vary their productions according to the social context and their conversational pattern.
Comprehensible Input
Oral or written language that is slightly above a second language learner's current level of proficiency in the second language and thus provides linguistic input that leads to second language acquisition.
Reclassified ELL
Follow up the next two years, once they go to regular education, to see if they're passing. If not, they'll go back to ESL
Integrative Motivation
Learners' desire to learn the target language in order to get know target language speakers and the target culture.
Heteroglossic Perspective
Views bilingualism as the norm and treats the languages of bilinguals as co-existing.
Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
An early second language acquisition theory that maintained that the structure of the learners' first language either helped or hindered the learning of a second language.
Assimilationist Discourses
Discourses that devalue ELLs' home languages and cultures, seeing them as problems to overcome (also called monolingual discourses).
Recasts
Refers to the restatement of a learner's unclear or poorly formed utterance in more accurate language
Sheltered English Immersion (SEI)
A program model for ELLs that combines ESL, sheltered content-area instruction, and primary language support. Sometimes called structured English immersion.
Nation Approach
Language teaching methodology emphasizing the development of listening comprehension, especially at early stages of language learning. Typical features include oral target language instruction, total physical response, and a focus on everyday conversations.
Target Input
The instructional practice of trying listening or reading materials to the structures and vocabulary students are learning to use in speaking or writing.
Hypothesis Testing
Language output used by learners to test their emerging ideas about how the target language functions
Instructional level
A level of academic engagement in which instruction is comfortably matched to what an individual is able to grasp.
Implicit Linguistic Knowledge
Linguistic knowledge that is automatically used when speaking or writing.
Simulated Oral Proficiency Interviews (SOPI)
An oral proficiency test in which test takers listen to audio-recorded questions and record their responses. Often required as part of the certification process for teachers of LOTE
Transitionals
Students from families who move back and forth between the United States and their countries of origin. These learners may have gaps in their literacy development in both their L1 and in English due to interruptions in their schooling in both countries.
Heritage learners
Refers to learners studying a target language that is also their heritage language
Mainstream school programs
The regular school program which is not specifically organized for language learners.
Emergent Bilingual
Refers to language learners who maintain their first language as they develop second language competence, emphasizes the importance of maintaining learners' first language
Pull-in ESL
ESL teachers goes into the regular classroom to work with the classroom teacher and their ELLs
Indigenous ELLs
ELLs from Native American tribes
Direct Method
Language teaching methodology that focuses on conversational speech and conducts lessons almost entirely in the target language. Employs the use of elaborate props and pictures to help students understand.
Universal Grammar Theory
A second language acquisition theory based on Chomsky's theory of language universals and marked features. In learning a new language students must reset the parameters of their L1 to achieve the features of the new language.
Social Distance Hypothesis
SLA theory that views language learning from the multiple perspectives of the learner, the learner's L1 group, and the target language group. It stresses the importance of relationship of the learning group and the target group in successful language learning.If there is low social distance between the two groups. It believed that learning will be more successful.
Top-down processing
Application of background knowledge by learners to focus on understanding a target language utterance, text, or anecdote as a whole. Learners use the predictability of the text's content and grammatical patterns in their target language to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases.
monoglossic perspective
Views monolingualism as the norm and treats the languages of bilinguals as two separate distinct systems, as if students are two monolinguals in one (double monolingualism).
ACTLF
American Council of Teachers of Foreign Languages
Negative Transfer
the negative influences of the learner's L1 on the production of the L2 due to differences in the two languages. (Interference)
nonverbal behavior
the facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms, and movements by which one communicates with others
Additive Bilingualism
A situation in which a second language is eventually added to a student's native language without replacing it.
Interaction Hypothesis
Language acquisition occurs through meaningful interaction containing modified input and corrective feedback.
Concrete Language
refers to the use of language that is connected to objects or people in immediate environment.
Long-term ELLs
Person who has been in ESL program early on and is still in the program (usually 6th-7th grade)
Interference
The negative influences or instruction of the native language on second language learning.
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