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Energy of Biology Vocabulary

Terms in this set (20)

potential energy
the energy stored in a body or in a system due to its position or due to its configuration.
kinetic energy
the energy which an object possesses due to its motion.
exogonic reactions
is a chemical reaction in which energy is released.
endergonic reactions
is a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed.
metabolism
the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available.
anabolic
constructive metabolism; the synthesis, in living organisms, of more complex substances from simpler ones.
catabolic
Destructive metabolism; the production, in living organisms, of less complex substances from more complex ones.
organic molecule
molecules that are composed of at least 2 carbon atoms arranged in rings or long chains.
macromolecule
Any large molecule composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms.
photosynthesis
A process that synthesizes glucose from carbon dioxide, water, using sunlight as the source of energy and with the aid of chlorophyll.
chloroplast
An organelle containing chlorophyll and other pigments, occurring in plants and algae that carry out photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
the green pigment molecule of plants and photosynthetic algae and bacteria that traps the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis.
light dependent reaction
A reaction that uses Light energy to split water to produce Oxygen and ATP.
light independent reaction
A reaction that uses ATP and CO2 to produce Glucose. (AKA the Calvin cycle)
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
serves as a source of chemical energy for all cellular reactions
respiration
the chemical process in an organism by which oxygen and glucose is used to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP.
mitochondria
an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy (ATP) production.
aerobic
An organism requiring the presence of air or free oxygen for life.
anaerobic
An organism living in the absence of air or free oxygen.
matter
A substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed.
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