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Review: Chemical Bonding and Nomenclature

Terms in this set (19)

What is chemical bonding?
interaction of valence electrons holding atoms together in compounds
What distinguishes an ionic bond from a covalent bond?
Ionic bonds have a metal and a nonmetal, covalent bonds are only nonmetals only.
In general, there is a(n) ____________ in electronegativity as you move down a group, and a(n) in electronegativity as you move across a period.
decrease
The most electronegative group of elements, ________, forms mostly ___________ bonds with metals.
halogens, ionic
Nonmetals tend to form ______ bonds with other nonmetals due to their similarities in electronegativity values.
covalent
As - O (What's the bond and electronegativity?)
1.5 Polar
Li - F (What's the bond and electronegativity?)
3.0 Ionic
N - S (What's the bond and electronegativity?)
0.5 Polar
C - N (What's the bond and electronegativity?)
0.5 Polar
Arrange the following bonds in order from least to most polar: P-H, N-H, P-O, N-O.
P-H, N-O, N-H, P-O
Explain how scientists have used metallic bonding to account for many of the physical properties of metals, such as electrical conductivity and malleability.
metals form a "sea of electrons"", valence electrons float from metal cation to cation, mobile electrons allow electricity to flow through and cations to slide past one another, bending instead of breaking.
What are alloys?
mixtures of metals
List three general properties of ionic compounds.
*crystal lattice
*high mp
*dissolve H]2O and become conductive (electricity)
List three general properties of nonpolar covalent compounds.
*electronegativity difference is less than or equal to 0.3
*not soluble in H]2O
*low mp
List three general properties of polar covalent compounds.
*electronegativity difference is between 0.3 and 1.7
*soluble in H]2O
*poor conductors
How many pairs of electrons are shared in a single bond? How many are shared in a double bond? How many are shared in a triple bond?
1 pair = 2 electrons
2 pairs = 4 electrons
3 pairs = 6 electrons
How many bonding pairs does NH]3 have? How many nonbonding pairs (lone pairs) of electrons does it have?
3 bonds, 1 nonbonding pairs
What is VSEPR Theory?
valence shell electron pair repulsion theory- determines shape because electron and bonds will arrange themselves in 3D to be as far away as possible
What type of charge does a cation have? What type of charge does an anion have?
cation is positive, anion is negative
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