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AP World Studies Early Modern Era

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1. Why was it Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain that first expanded into the new world?
a. These lands had a long tradition of distant exploration.
b. These lands were Muslim.
c. *These lands were on the Atlantic coast.
d. These lands believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
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1. Why was it Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain that first expanded into the new world?
a. These lands had a long tradition of distant exploration.
b. These lands were Muslim.
c. *These lands were on the Atlantic coast.
d. These lands believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
The answer is c. These powers were simply closer to the new world, and once they were able to understand and master the consistent wind patterns of the Atlantic, it was much easier for them to go to the Americas than it was for any Asian competitors.
2. Which of the following was NOT a motivation for Europeans to expand into the Americas?
a. To cut out Muslim intermediaries from trade with Asia
b. To spread Christianity
c. To escape religious and ethnic persecution within Europe
d. To flee from repeated Asian and Muslim invasions.
The answer is d. Though invasions from the Ottoman Turks and Mongolian armies did threaten Europeans, the Europeans who led the expansion to the Americas were along the Atlantic coast, and so mostly protected from the threats from Asia. (see page 406)
3. Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their invasion of the New World?
a. Payment in gold and jewels
b. A desire to learn about European culture
c. To gain an advantage against their own enemies
d. No Native Americans helped the Spanish
The answer is c. Many Mesoamerican tribes who had been victimized by the Aztecs wanted to help the Spanish destroy the Aztecs, and each side in an Incan civil war wanted the Spanish to fight the other side for them. (see page 406)
4. What import from Europeans wiped out as many as nine-tenths of the Native American population?
a. Disease
b. Cannons
c. Colonists
d. Horses
The answer is a. Cannons, colonists, and horses all helped Europeans rapidly conquer the Native Americans, but the Native populations had been mostly already decimated by deadly European diseases such as smallpox that spread in advance of the Europeans. (see page 407)
5. The silver mines in Mexico and Peru allowed the Spanish conquerors to buy massive amounts of what highly valuable commodities?
a. Chinese silk, tea, and porcelain
b. British fishing vessels
c. Incan and Aztec soldiers
d. Cotton from North America
The answer is a. A vast majority of the silver mined through slave labor in Mexico and Peru made its way to China in exchange for Chinese silk, tea, and porcelain, which were highly valued and difficult to get in Spain. (see pages 408 through 409)