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american law - unit 2 vocab

Terms in this set (56)

what you are thinking; most crimes require the actor to purposefully commit the prohibited act

latin term used by lawyers when discussing the requirements for a guilty state of mind

Strict Liability

the legal responsibility for damage or injury even if you are not negligent

the conditions that make an act unlawful, must be proven in trial to convict the offender

the unlawful taking and carrying away of goods from someone's person by force or intimidation

more serious crimes where a potential penalty is imprisonment for more than one year

any crime for which the potential penalty is imprisonment for one year or less

the person who commits the crime

someone who helps the principal commit the crime

accessory before the fact

person who helps commit a crime but is not present

accessory after the fact

person who helps commit a crime but is not present

crime of omission

when a person fails to perform an act required by a criminal law, if he or she is physically able to perform the required act

incohate crimes

crimes that are committed before or in preparation for committing another crime

the act of requesting or strongly urging someone to do something, if the request is to do something illegal, it is considered a crime

an effort that goes beyond mere preparation but does not result in the commission of a crime

an act that is open to view

having the intent to kill or seriously harm another person or acting in an extremely reckless manner that shows lack of regard for human life

thought about beforehand

second degree murder

killing that is done with malice, but without premeditation or deliberation

involuntary manslaughter

killings in which there is no intent to kill at all

the failure to exercise a reasonable or ordinary amount of care in a situation, thereby causing harm to someone

any attempt or threat to carry out physical attack upon another person

occurs when a person repeatedly follows or harasses another person and makes threats causing the victims to fear death or bodily injury

sexual intercourse without consent

the willful and malicious burning of a person's property

the unlawful taking and carrying away of the property of another person against his or her will with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it

the crime of attempted shoplifting

(blackmail) the use of threats to obtain property of another

a crime in which a person falsely makes or alters a writing or document with the intent of defraud

offering someone a document as genuine although it is known to be fake

receiving stolen property

if you receive or buy property that you know or have reason to believe is stolen

unauthorized use of a vehicle

unlawfully taking a motor vehicle without the owner's consent, committed only if the person intends to take the car temporarily (ex. joyriding)

when a person uses force or intimidation to steal a car from a driver

evidence that the defendant was somewhere else at the time the crime was committed

makes it possible to connect an offender conclusively to a crime

stand your ground laws

gives a person the right to defend their property against unwarranted intrusion

defense for a person considered not yet legally responsible for his or her actions

intoxication defense

defense that a state of drunkenness or similar condition created by the use of drugs or alcohol lead them to committing a crime they did not know they were doing

insanity defense

mental state can be an issue determining whether the defendant is competent to stand trial, the defendant was sane at the time of the criminal act, the defendant is sane after the trial

only applies if defendant was insane at time of crime

defense that applies when the defendant admits to committing a criminal act but claims that he or she was induced or persuaded by a law enforcement officer to commit the crime

doing something as a result of coercion or a threat of immediate danger to life or personal safety

compelled to react to a situation that is unavoidable in order to protect life

a agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime, coupled with an intent to commit the crime and some action or conduct that furthers agreement

the killing of one human being by another

first degree murder

the act of killing that is premeditated, deliberate, and done with malice

any killing that takes place during the commission of certain felonies such as rape, arson, robbery, or burglary

voluntary manslaughter

killing that would otherwise be seen as murder but that occurs after the victim has done something to the killer that would cause a reasonable person to lose self-control or act rashly

negligent homicide

causing death through criminal negligence

the unlawful imprisonment or abduction of a person against their will

any unlawful physical contact inflicted by one person upon another person without consent

version of assault and battery in which peers or acquaintances intimidate or put fear into another person

intercourse with someone under the legal age of consent (lack of consent is not an element of crime)

the willful destruction or damage to the property of another

taking items from a store without paying or intending to pay for them

the unlawful taking of property by someone to whom it was entrusted

the unauthorized entry into any structure with the intent to commit a crime, regardless of the time of day

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