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Case Smith Chapter 1

Terms in this set (44)

you should develop occupational interventions based on what two concepts:
assessment of occupations and understand of his or her natural contexts
What does a therapist do when analyzing performance? and give an example of this.
identify discrepancies between the child's performance and activity demands (does the activity demand the child sit up, why can't they sit up for that amount of time)

--> determine how to overcome and minimize these
What interrelationships are we analyzing as a therapist?
environments, occupations, and persons

want a goodness of fit and must understand Want everything to be in congruence, a child's social and physical context determines the quality of development
What are three individualized therapies? and describe them
Client-centered- putting that client first
Strength based approaches- looking at what the child is successful at
Family-centered services- knowing what is important to the family
cultural competence
main goal being able to ask questions obtain a good relationship
What are 4 areas of intervention
assessment, team interaction intervention, life span approach
assessment-->
should be assessed to the caregivers priorites
team interaction-->
family are valued members and
intervention-->
caregiver guide participation level, interests are considered and should directly involve family in the intervention
life span approach
child transitions to preadolescence he or she becomes primary deciions maker
what are examples of client-centered practices
give choices
should consider if it is aligned with goals, suitable to environment, developmentally appropriate, what is the context and culture

--> is there a skill challenge imbedded in the preferred activites
strength based approach: define:
identifying the positive aspects of the child's behavior, identify areas of greatest competence as well as performance limitations, access strengths to overcome the challenges to participation
Name 4 things that are apart of family-centered services:
open communication, shared decision making, parental empowerment, trust building
What do parents prefer?
specific, objective information, flexibility in service delivery, sensitivity and responsiveness to their concerns (knowing what parents would like for their child), positive and optimistic attitudes, technical expertise and skills, intervention makes daily routine easier
Inclusive:
child with disabilities does the activity with out everyone else
integrated
child with disabilities does activity with normally developing children
What are desired outcomes for inclusion?
full participation in shcool, have friends, learn alongside others, appreciate differences of people, respect others, participate in community to fullest extend
direct
one on one services
indirect
consulting with teacher and providng recommendations
fluid service delivery mode
start with direct and as they get better may become more indirect
How is co-teaching a preventative approach?
a child may not meet requirements for individual plan and OT work with teacher to implement the child's need in class
evidence based practice step 1
convert the need for information into an answerable question (PIO, person intervention and outcome, questioning the intervention effects, is it good for hte prognosis, what other therapy methods can be used)
evidence based practice step 2
search the research databases using the terms in the research question and track down the best evidence to answer that question (use those key terms)
evidence based practice step 3
Critically appraise the evidence for its validity (truthfulness), impact (level of effect), and clinical meaningfulness
evidence based practice step 4
Critically appraise the evidence for its applicability and usefulness to your practice (what intervention are going to do)
evidence based practice step 5
implement the practice or apply the information and evaluate the process (look back how did it go?)
What is scientific reasoning?
Using clinical guidelines that have synthesized the research evidence, science-based knowledge about the diagnosis, and past experience in all steps of the assessment and intervention process
What things do you need in an occupational profile?
-Obtains information about the child's developmental and functional strengths and limitations
-Emphasis on child's participation across environments
-Interview with parents, teachers, and other caregivers
-Informal interview and observation of the child of the child
What do you need for an assessment of performance?
- multiple areas of developmental through functional behaviors
-standard evaluations
structured observations
-focused questions to parents and caregivers
Analysis of performance
-discover underlying reasons for limitations
environment
assessment and observations of environment focused on supports and constrains of child's performance
Ecological Assessmnet
Consider how the environment influences performance and helps to design interventions that are easily implemented in the child's natural environment
how is the ecological assessment a top-down approach?
considers cultural evidences, resources, and value and the systems of the child's environment→ this eval process gains understanding of child's level of participation in daily occupational routines
What is school-based pracitce?
relationship between the child's performance and the educational context and curriculum
What is an example of how ecological assessment can be used to optimize adolescent job matching?
See where problems are most likely to occur, if they want to work where would you sent them, if they had autism would you put them somewhere noisy or a stock room with a more repetitive task
What are two examples of assessments that can be used to help understand school-based practice
again school based practice is understanding the relatinoship between a child's performance abilites and the educational context and curriculum
-done at the school
SFA (school FUnctional assessment)
and
PEM-CY (participation and evnironment measure)
what are some questions you can ask when evaluating context?
Is the environment safe
Are materials there to promote the child's development and participation
Does the environment provide optimal level of supervision and assistance needed?
Are there a variety of spaces and are sensory experiences available?
Are there opportunities for exploration, plan, learning?
Is it readily accessed and developmentally appropriate?
when evaluating context are there many standardized assessments one can use?
no
when analyzing performance are there many standardized assessments one can use?
yes
Analyzing performance normally means what?
you are interpreting patterns in a context of the original concern, and you are then able to make recommendations for therapy services
What are some performance factors that many influence social particiaption that can be assessted?
Nonverbal communication
Social awkwardness (looks down, avoids eye contact)
Turn-taking (do they jump over what you are saying, talk over you)
Voice volume
Interest in others, and understanding of unspoken rules of social interaction
What should the intervention do?
optimize child's engagement, prepare, create therapeutic relationship
occupation as a means
help improve the performance componenets
occupation as an ends
the activity is actually the performance component
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