Terms in this set (29)
Cell
basic unit of all forms of life
Image: Cell
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Image: cell membrane
cell theory
fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells
cell wall
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
Image: cell wall
chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Image: chloroplast
cytoplasm
fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Image: cytoplasm
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
Image: endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryote
organism whose cells contain a nucleus
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Image: Golgi apparatus
Term
lysosome
Definition
cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell
Image: lysosome
Mitochondriacell organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to useMulticellularconsisting of many cellsnucleolussmall structure found in the cell nucleus containing protein and nucleic acidsnucleusin cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNAorganellespecialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cellprokaryoteunicellular organism that lacks a nucleusribosomecell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesisselectively permeableproperty of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across the membrane while others cannotunicellularconsisting of one cellvacuolecell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydratesCytoplasmSubstance inside the cell, but not in organellesCell MembraneSelectively permeable boundary on cellsRobert Hookefirst to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells.Anton van Leeuwenhoekmade first simple microscopeRobert Browndiscovered the nucleusmicroscopedevice that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eyeCharacteristics of prokaryotessmaller, DNA not contained in nucleus, only found in unicellular organisms like bacteria, no membrane bound organellesCharacteristics of eukaryoteslarger, DNA contained in nucleus, found in animals, plants, protists, and fungi, has membrane bound organellesCharacteristics of all cellsDNA, cell membrance, cytoplasm, ribosomes

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