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Chapter 16: Arson and Explosives (Test)

Terms in this set (50)

Most explosives can be recovered from debris for future study by being rinsed​ with:
acetone
The likelihood that spontaneous combustion will occur in improperly ventilated containers of highly unsaturated oils is​ ________ the likelihood that such combustion will occur with hydrocarbon lubricating oils.
greater than
Heat energy can ignite distant objects through the transmission​ of:
electromagnetic energy
Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive​ TATP?
hydrogen peroxide
Which is an initiating explosive often used in​ detonators?
lead azide
Hydrocarbon accelerants can be detected​ by:
a portable detector (sniffer) and trained dogs
What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to​ burn?
flash point
When investigators search a fire​ scene, the first focus must be​ on:
finding the origin of the fire
The transfer of heat energy by the movement of molecules within a liquid or gas​ is:
convection
Which of the following CANNOT be determined from a laboratory examination of evidence recovered from an​ arson?
the brand name of gasoline used to start the fire
Which of the following is a poor conductor of​ heat?
paper, wood and plastic
Which​ type(s) of screening and confirmation tests are used for analyzing evidence of​ explosives?
color spot tests, TLC, gas and chromatography/mass spectrometry
What is the major advantage of using the vapor concentration technique with gas​ chromatography?
high sensitivity for detecting volatile residues
Which is a natural​ heat-producing process that may give rise to a​ fire?
spontaneous combustion
Which is available in commercial form as​ fertilizer?
ammonium nitrate
Which is a homemade explosive that has been used by terrorist organizations in the Middle​ East?
TATP
A common classification system characterizes ignitable liquids based on their boiling point ranges and number of​ ________ molecules as​ light, medium, and heavy petroleum distillates.
carbon
Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing flammable​ residues?
GC
What is the concentration at which a​ vapor-to-fuel mixture in the air is capable of​ burning?
flammable range
The speed in a low explosive is called the speed​ of:
deflagration
Which are common chemical ingredients of black​ powder?
potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur
Which is an explosive readily detonated by heat or​ shock?
primary explosive
All combustible fuels simultaneously igniting to engulf a structure in flames is known​ as:
flashover
Factors that can contribute to abnormal observations at a fire scene​ include:
secondary fires due to collapsing floors or roof, stairways or elevator shafts, and winds or drafts
Telltale signs of arson​ include:
trails of burn patterns, separate points of origin, and the presence of containers
Materials that have electrons firmly attached to their​ molecules:
are poor conductors of heat
Which is the most widely used low​ explosive?
black powder and smokeless powder
The minimum temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite is​ called:
the ignition temperature
Complex chromatographic accelerant patterns can be simplified​ by:
mass spectrometry
Water being heated on a stove illustrates the concept​ of:
convection
What is​ radiation?
Transfer of heat energy from a heated surface to a cooler surface
Examples of secondary explosives do NOT​ include:
lead azide
What is the decomposition of organic matter by​ heat?
pyrolysis
Combustion occurring at the surface of a solid​ describes:
glowing combustion
Many explosives must have their own source​ of:
oxygen
High explosives can be classified as either​ ________ or​ ________ explosives.
primary; secondary
A fuel can only achieve combustion​ in:
the gaseous state
Which is a device used to screen objects for the presence of explosive​ residues?
ion-mobility spectrometry
Gasoline residues are best characterized​ by:
gas chromatography
The minimum temperature at which fuel vapor will ignite is known​ as:
the ignition temperature
A procedure commonly used as a screening test for explosive residues​ is:
color spot tests, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
A low explosive has a velocity of detonation less​ than:
1000 meters per second
Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene​ because:
accelerates in soil may rapidly degrade, safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly, and
accelerate residues may quickly evaporate
Which is often used as the explosive core in a detonating​ cord?
PETN
​Single-base smokeless powder consists​ of:
nitrocellulose
What is the rapid combination of oxygen with a​ fuel, which produces a noticeable release of​ energy?
combustion
Which is NOT a high​ explosive?
black powder
Movement of heat through a solid object is caused​ by:
conduction
Which chemical reaction is associated with a fire?
oxidation
The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction comes​ from:
the breaking and formation of chemical bonds
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