Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

BIO 151 - General Biology Exams 1 - 5

Terms in this set (105)

Multicellularity
Multicellularity is NOT a characteristic of living things (Single Cell Organisms)
Viruses
Viruses are NOT classified in Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea; Kingdom Fungi
Domain Archaea & Kingdom Fungi are newly discovered species that are Eukaryotic consumers that obtain nutrients by absorption
radioactive decay
Radioactive Decay undergoes decay
Nonpolar Convalent Bond
When two atoms with equal electronegativity react
When a nonpolar substance is added to water, it....
It will be excluded from interaction with water
Buffers in Aqueous Solutions
Buffers in Aqueous Solutions allow solutions to resist changes in pH
Monosaccharides are to carbohydrates as Nucleotides are to...
Nucleic Acids
What do Phospholipids form in a two aqueous regions?
Phospholipids bilayer
________ is the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
Homostasis
A(n) ____________ results when one atom takes electron(s) from another atom while a(n) ________ results when two atoms share a pair of electrons
Ionic Bond; Covalent Bond
The attraction between the S+ and S- regions of neighboring water molecules is known as a(n) ______
Hydrogen Bond
Atoms of the same element with different atomic mass are known as ________ while compounds with the same molecular formula and different structures are known as _________
Isotopes; Isomers
Substances that dissolve in water "water-loving" or ________, while those that do not dissolve in water are "water-hating" or _________
Hydrophilic; Hydrophilic
A molecule that contains both "water-loving" and "Water-hating" regions is said to be _________
Amphipathic
The "unfolding" of a protein, by treatments that disrupt non-covalent interactions between amino acids, is known as _________
Denaturation
T / F --- Proteins are the genetic material for all known organisms
False
T / F --- Organisms classified in Domina Eukarya are composed of cells containing internal compartments or organelles
True
T / F --- an Atom composed of 15 protons, 15 electrons, and 16 neutrons would have an atomic mass of 46 daltons
False
T / F --- The reactivity of an atom depends on the electrons in its valence shell
True
T / F --- Covalent bonds are characteristically stable in water, while ions tend to dissociate in water
True
T / F --- The H+ concentration is less in a solution with pH 6 than in a solution with pH 8
False -->> pH6 is bigger than pH8
T / F --- The chemical properties of organic molecules can in large part be determined by examining their functional groups
True
T / F --- Lipids are characteristically nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic
True
T / F --- Proteins show diversity in their structures and therefore in their functions
True
T / F --- In order for a protein to have quaternary structure, it must consist of four polypeptide chains working together as a functional unit
False
Not a part of the Cell Theory is ....
All cells containing a nucleus
Not a characteristic of the cells of all organisms is ...
Peroxisomes
Not considered to be part of the endomembrane system is....
Mitochondrion
Which of the following would be found in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell:

A. Mitochondrin
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Nucleus
D. Ribsome
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
Which of the following is not a true cell membrane

A. Selectively permeable
B. They are fluid
C. Composed of lipids and proteins
D. Are amphipathic
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The energy responsible for diffusion comes from .....
Glucose
When animal cells gain water, they are in danger of bursting while plant cells gain support from the influx of water, why the difference?
Plant cells posses cell walls, while animal cells do not
Carbon Oxide and Oxygen pass through cellular membranes primarily by....
Osmis
T / F --- Active transport would account for a much higher concentration of an ion inside a cell than is found in the surrounding environment
True
Cells can be divided into two categories: ________ cells that lack membrane-bound organelles and _________ cells that contain these structures
Prokaryotic; Eukaryotic
The ___________ is a system of protein fibers that organizes the cytoplasm and is involved in the production of cellular movement
Cytoskeleton
In animals, __________from between cells in tissues subjected to mechanical stress, while _____ seal together neighboring cells, preventing the passage of substances between them
Desmoses; tight junction
_______________ are channels that allow exchange of materials between neighboring plant cells, while ________ serve a similar function between neighboring animal cells
Plasmodes Mata; Gap Junction
During osmosis, there is a net flow of water from a ________ solution; there is no net flow of water across a membrane separating ______ solutions
hypotonic; isotonic
T / F --- As cell size increases, the ratio of its surface area to its volume decreases
True
T / F ---The compartmentalization characteristic of eukaryotic cells results in eukaryotic cells being smaller than . prokaryotic cells
False
T / F --- The nucleus and organelles of the endomembrane system are proposed to be derived from in-folding of the plasma membrane
True
T / F ---All eukaryotic cells contain an endomembrane system
True
T / F ---Cilia and flagella are cellular extensions that bend when myosin motor proteins slide their supporting microfilaments relative to one another
False
T / F ---All plan cells produce secondary cell walls that are strengthened with lignin
False
T / F --- Intergral proteins are easily released from cellular membranes by changes in pH or salt concentration
False
T / F --- In plasma membranes, the carbohydrates chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins function in cell recognition
True
T / F --- In osmosis, net flow of water occurs from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
True
T / F --- Active transport enables cells to maintain internal environments that differ from their surroundings
True
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics....
entropy increases in spontaneous processes
In a enzyme- catalyzed reaction, substrate is a synonym for....
Reactants
The path of electron flow during cellular respiration is....
fuel molecule - NADH - electron transport chain - water
The majority of the ATP produced during cellular respiration comes from
Oxidative Phosphorylation
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
It is the final electron (H-atom) acceptor in the electron transport chain
The maximum yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule under aerobic conditions is ________ while the yield during fermantation is _______
32 ATP, 2 ATP
T / F --- Lactate is not produced during fermentation in muscle cells
True
In chloroplasts, photophosphorylation functions to ....
Produce ATP
The path of linear electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis is
H2O - PSII - PSI - NADPH
The oxygen released to the atmosphere during photosynthesis comes from?
Water
________ examines the relationship of energy to chemical and physical processes
Thermodynamics
________ Is a measure of the disorder of a system
Entropy
The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds during catalysis is known as the enzyme's _______, while the part of the enzyme where a regulatory molecule binds to control metabolism is known as the ________
Activesite; Allosteric Site
The loss of electrons by a compound is known as _____ while the gain of electrons is known as _______
Oxidation ;Reduction
_______couples proton--motive force to the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Chemiosmosis
_______ are molecules that absorb light energy at specific wavelengths
Pigments
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur within the thylakoids _____ of the chloroplasts, while the Calvin cycle operates within the ________
Thylakoids; Stroma
T / F --- Living systems are characterized by a low level entropy, which is maintained by a constant
True
T / F ---Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering Triangle SignG
False
T / F ---Each enzyme characteristically catalyzes many different types of metabolic reactions
False
T / F --- Energy conversions in living systems often involved the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another
True
T / F --- An H+ concentration gradient across a membrane drives the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration and photosynthesis
true
T / F -- Most of the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration is released during oxidative phosphorylation
False
T / F ---The organic molecules oxidized during cellular respiration can be obtained from carbohydrates, fats and proteins
True
T / F ---Organisms that oxidize organic molecules produced by other organisms are considered autotrophs
False
T / F ---Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the Calvin cycle
false
T / F ---CAM plants conserve water by fixing carbon dioxide in organic acids at night and the releasing carbon dioxide from these organic acids to the Calvin Cycle during the day
True
The experiments of Avery, MacLeod & McCarty demonstrate the "transforming agent" responsible for changing rough bacteria to smooth bacteria is ....
DNA
In their experiments with bacteriophage, Hershey & Chase demonstrate that ....
Phage transfer DNA, but not their protein coats, to bacterial cells during infection
Based on the Watson & Crick model for DNA structure, if the base of one nucleotide chain is 5'TCAACG-3, the base sequence of the other nucleotide chain would be
3'AGTTGC-5
A section of DNA that contains information for the synthesis of a specific polypeptide is....
A gene
The central dogma of molecular genetics is best described by
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Enzymes are involved in transcription which is
RNA Polymerase
The genetic code demonstrates ...
- Is universal for all organisms
- Based upon 64 triplet codons
- Demonstrates degeneracy or redundancy
- Comes equipped with "start" and "stop" signals for translation
T / F --- DNA is not directly involved in the process of translation
True
Different types in a multicellular organism owe their differences to
Expressing different genes
Which of the following is not involved in controlling gene expression in eukaryotes?

A. Chromatin Remodeling
B. Binding of transcription factors to control elements in DNA
C. Alternative RNA splicing
D. RNA Interference
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The sugar present in DNA is _______ , while that present in RNA is ______
Deoxirybose; Ribose
Uracil and Thymine are ______ bases.
Pyrimidine
Mutations can introduced into DNA by exposure to external agents, collectively known as ____
Mutagens
The sequence of ______ in DNA determines the sequence of ______ in the formation of polypeptide
Nucleotides; Amino Acids
Sequence in the DNA that indicate the start of genes and operate as signals for transcription initiation are known as _______
Promoter
_________ are enzymes that add amino acids to tRNAs
Synthetases
_________ is a term used to describe RNA molecules
Ribozymes
DNA is wrapped around proteins, known as ________ in the information of nucleosomes
Histones
T / F ---
True
T / F ---
False
T / F ---
False
T / F ---
True
T / F ---
True
T / F ---
True
T / F ---
False
T / F ---
True
T / F ---
True
T / F ---
False
Other sets by this creator