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Final Exam -polisci 101 - higahsi -Public opinion and media
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Terms in this set (34)
Public Opinion
Citizens' opinions about politics and government actions
Three criticism of early studies
1.Isn't surprising that many people don't think much about politics
2. Opinions have been more consistent since the original studies in the 1950s
3. Most importantly, original studies were looking for the wrong thing.
Political socializations
Political opinions are shaped by one's parents, family, community, and culture
Mass surveys
where most information about public opinion comes from
Sampling error
Predicted difference between the average opinion of the sample and the average opinion of the population
Does Public Opinion Matter?
Lot of studying in it some, say political process often ignores broad swaths of people, but public opinion often influences government action
Mass Media
Sources that provide information to average citizens on a day-to-day basis
Mainstream Media
Media sources that predate the internet, such as newspapers, magazines, and broadcast news
News cycle
time between the release of information and its publication
Penny press
Made newspapers available to more of the population
Wire service
Organization that gathers news and sells it to other media outlets
Yellow journalism
style of newspaper featuring sensationalized stories, bold headlines, and illustrations
Dual roles of Media
Serve as a watchdog but, sometimes business conflicts
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
created in 1934 and responsible for regulating media
Broadcast media
communications technologies, such as TV and radio, that transmit information over the airwaves
equal time provision
created by FCC, tells media companies to treat legally qualified political candidates equally when it comes to selling or giving away air time
Media Conglomerates
Companies that control a wide range of news sources
Cross-ownership
One company owning several types of media outlet, often in same community
by-product theory
The idea that many Americans acquire political information unintentionally rather than by seeking it out.
On background
reporter can use info you give them, but cannot name or quote you directly
Off the record
not made as an official statement
Leaking
giving out info
often a way for politicians to influence the narrative of a story or get favorable coverage
Two Source Rule
Mainstream news outlets typically require that two sources confirm or verify information before a fact is considered credible enough for reporting
Anonymous sources
doesn't mean it isn't credible. The reporters know who the sources are.
Shield laws and reporters
They don't have shield laws and can be compelled by a court to reveal their sources of leaked information
Media effects
Influence of coverage on average citizens' opinions and actions
Hostile Media effect
Neutral coverage is often viewed as biased against one's own point of view
Slant
Imbalance in a story that covers one candidate or policy favorably without providingFilter similar coverage to other side
Filtering
Editor's and journalist's decision to cover something
Framing
The way a story is described or presented can change our impression of the issue
Attack Journalism
Focusing on scandals and controversies
Horse race coverage
election coverage focusing on poll results instead of policy differences
Soft news
sensational or entertaining stories
Hard news
policy-related information is uncommon
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