Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Final Review - Chapter 5 - Immigration and Urbanization

Terms in this set (39)

Industrialization
The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.
immigration
The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intentions of remaining there.
urbanization
movement of populations from farms to cities
steerage
A large open area beneath a ship's deck, often used to house traveling immigrants
Ellis Island
An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy
Angel Island
The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York.
Americanization
Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens
assimilation
Adopting the traits of another culture. Often happens over time when one immigrates into a new country.
melting pot
the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. The United States, with its history of immigration, has often been called a melting pot.
nativism
An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition.
push factor
something that makes you want to leave your home country ex.- war, poverty
pull factor
something that encourages people to move to a new place ex. land, jobs
settlement house
helped immigrants adjust to American society and campaigned for housing reform, better sanitation systems, parks and laws to protect women and children
rural to urban migrant
a person who moves from an agricultural area to a city
skyscraper
a very tall building with many stories
Elisha Otis
Inventor who developed the first safety elevator in 1852.
mass transit
Public transportation where a large number of people can travel at the same time.
suburb
A residential district located on the outskirts of a city.
Frederick Law Olmsted
Designer of New York City's Central Park, who wanted cities that exposed people to the beauties of nature. One of his projects, the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893, gave a rise to the influential "City Beautiful" movement
tenement
A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety
innovation
An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
Mark Twain
offered satirical insight on topics of political concern. many of his books were meant to highlight the absurdity and stupidity of events happening in the gilded age through humor and sarcasm
Gilded Age
A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government.
Conspicuous Consumerism
purchasing of goods and services for the purpose of impressing others.
mass culture
leisure and cultural activities shared by many people
Joseph Pulitzer
Owned NY World, A muckraker who designed the modern newspaper format (factual articles in one section, editorial and opinion articles in another section)., His New York World newspaper was the first newspaper to exceed a million in circulation. Filled newspaper with stories of crimes and disasters and feature stories about political and economic corruption.
William Randolph Hearst
United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951)
Horatio Alger
Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work
vaudeville
A type of inexpensive variety show that first appeared in the 1870s, often consisting of comic sketches, song-and-dance routines, and magic acts
What was the difference between the "new immigration" of the late 1800s to earlier immigration?
Immigrants had always come to American for economic opportunity and religious freedom. They typically came as families and were skilled workers. The new immigrants were now unskilled and they came alone, often times trying to save money to send for the rest of their family.
What were the push and pull factors that lead immigrants to America?
Push Factors: Land reforms and low prices forced them off their land (China, Poland and Mexico). Wars and political revolutions made them refugees (China and Easter Europe). Fleeing religious persecution (Russian and eastern European Jews).

Pull Factors: Plentiful land, inexpensive in the west, lots of jobs (build railroads, dig in mines, work on farms, toil in factories). Striking gold and becoming rich was enticing. Also, immigrant families were joining their relatives who were already established in America.
Analyze how immigrants adapted to American life while trying to maintain familiar cultural practices.
These immigrants brought with them their own culture, but while they were working side by side with others they learned from each other. These immigrants, along with the Americans, molded America into what it was becoming--a world power. Immigrants also demanded a voice and became active in the labor unions and politics. Immigrants expanded the definition of America to include themselves.
Explain how new types of stores and marketing changed American life.
Conspicuous consumerism
Advertising attracts customers
Higher standards of living
Analyze the ways in which Americans developed a mass culture.
Newspapers circulate far and wide
Literature and the arts flourish
Public education expanded rapidly--more people could read
Higher education provided specialized training

Advertising
Department stores and mail order catalogs
Factory produced clothing
Prepackaged foods
Newspapers
Pubic eduation
Entertainment
Describe the new forms of popular entertainment in the late 1800s.
Amusement parks
Outdoor shows
The Chautauqua Circuit
Vaudeville shows
Movie theaters
Exhibitions and fairs
Spectator sports
Analyze the causes of urban growth in the late 1800s
Cities attracted immigrants, women and rural Americans because there were many job opportunties. Transportation made it easy to get to cities, or move from city to city. City life also offered workers a schedule. Many immigrants who had established themselves in the city would send for friends or relatives and they would immigrate to the city where they knew someone. Farmers also migrated from the country (rural) to the city (urban) because factory jobs would pay cash which was sometimes scare or slow to pay out on family farms.
Explain how technology improved city life
Skyscrapers and building codes helped create a cleaner, safer and less crowded enviroment. Electronic trolleys and subways created mass transit systems that could carry a large amount of people at one time and it was fairly inexpensive to ride/use. City planners such as Frederick Law Olmsted designed beautiful parks such as Central Park in NY and Chicago Columbian Exposition.
Evaluate how city dwellers solved the problems caused by rapid urban growth
Problem Solution
Could not afford mass transit Would live within walking
distance of work
Could not afford a place to live Tenements provided low-cost
housing for multiple families to
share.
Cities were filthy In the 1880 city planners began
to regulate housing, sanitation,
sewers and public health and
enacted rules and laws on how
cities could stay healthier and
cleaner.
Fire, crime and conflict Firefighting teams and police
force were developed to handle
issues and create rules/laws
Sets found in the same folder