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photosynthesis

Terms in this set (57)

the process of absorbing light energy and transferring it into organic compounds
photosynthesis
organisms that can make their own food
autotrophs
the synthesis of ATP through a series of light reactions
chemiosmosis
the initial reactions that begin photosynthesis and split water
light reactions
the second set of reactions that fix CO2 into organic compounds
calvin cycle
how do plants absorb as much light as possible
using different pigments
What is a pigment?
chemical that absorbs and reflects different wavelengths of light
what are pigments and proteins arranged into
complexes called photosystem 2 and 1
what do photosystems work together to absorb
light energy
where is light energy transferred to
ATP energy only temporarily
what will ATP energy be transferred to make
glucose and other carbos
what organelle in plants collect light
chloroplasts
3 things that an enzyme splits H2O into
4 hydrogens, 4 electrons and oxygen
whats the 1st stage of photosynthesis
light reactions
light reactions
where light is converted to chemical energy
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
where does a plant get the necessary reactants from to make sugar
CO2 from air and water from soil
what other
pigments are present in leaves but are masked by chlorophyll
yellow, orange, red
What is a granam?
stack of thylakoids
what is a thylakoid
flattened sacks
where are the granum and thylakoids found?
in membrane
how does the earth get all of its energy
sunshine or electromagnetic radiation
autotroph
an organism that can form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances
why are plants called producers
they are producers because they can survive without animals
what is a producer
green plants are producers
where does the carbon dioxide for photosynthesis come from
the air
where do plants get the water that is needed
from the soil
where does the energy come from that is needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose
sunlight
What does photosynthesis require
water, carbon dioxide, light, and chlorophyll
What does photosynthesis produce?
glucose and waste oxygen
definition of photosynthesis
the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugar called glucose using sun light energy. oxygen is produced as a waste product
what do plants do with extra glucose
convert it into starch
what 2 things are needed in light reaction
light and water
what is the purpose of the light reaction
make ATP and NADPH
5-C sugar
RuBP
transpiration
plants evaporate water out of their stomata so that they can bring up more water from the ground
polar
+ and - ends
cohesive
water molecules have a strong tendency to stick to other water molecules
adhesive
water molecules stick to other surfaces
3 main gases/vapor that either enter or exit through stomata
H20, O2, CO2
Plants that open their stomata at night and close them during the day
CAM plants
CAM plants examples
cactus and pineapple
C-3 plants
maple and pine trees
C-4 plants
sugar cane and corn
3 factors that affect photosynthesis
temp, light and CO2
why will high temperature cause a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis
stomata close and enzyme can denature
in what part of the chloroplast does the calvin cycle occur in
stroma
what colors make up the white light spectrum
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
what are clusters if pigment molecules that absorb light called
photosystem 2 and 1
what is light energy used for?
to energize electrons in photosystem 2 and 1. Which is used to help pump H+ protons into the center of the thylakoid
how many ATPS are used in 1 turn of the calvin cycle?
3
biochemical pathway
chemical reactions that are linked together because the product of one reaction is used in the next step
during the light reactions, where do H+ protons diffuse through?
ATP synthase which spins and slaps a P onto ADP to form ATP
during the light reactions, what forms NADPH
during the light reactions H+ re-combines with electrons and NADP+ to form NADPH
carentoids or accessories
pigments that help absorb more light wavelengths than chlorophyll a and b by themselves
what do photosystems have in them
Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and carentoids
what happens when plants split water
they get rid of oxygen
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