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Chapter 1

Terms in this set (57)

Artificial Selection
purposeful breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans
Biosphere
all environments on Earth that support life
Cells
the smallest unit that displays ALL characteristics of life
Modern term for "descent with modification"
evolution
Who is responsible for the evolutionary view of life?
Charles Darwin
Prokaryotic Cells
small, simple structure, lacks most organelles
i.e. bacteria
What is an ecosystem?
a biological community and its physical environment, consists of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water, and sunlight
2 Processes of an Ecosystem
recycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy
3 Kingdoms of the Domain Eukarya
plantae, fungi, animalia
Type of cell that's DNA is enclosed by a membrane in the nucleus
Eukaryotic Cell
What are organisms composed of?
cells
Hypothesis
a tentative answer to a question; an explanation on trial
2 Basic Types of Cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Eukaryotic Cells
large, complex structure, contains many types of organelles
Organelle
internal cell membranes divided into different functional compartments
The branch of biology that names and classifies species
Taxonomy
Type of cell that's DNA is in the nucleoid regoin, not enclosed by a membrane
Prokaryotic Cell
DNA
the molecular basis of heredity
4 Chemical Building Blocks of DNA
A, G, C, T
Controlled Experiment
an experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
Geneome
entire "book" of genetic instuctions that an organism inherits
Overproduction and Competition
populations can produce more offspring than environment can support, overproduction leads to competition for limited resources, such as food, water, shelter
One of the most important/influential books ever written
"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" by Charles Darwin
2 Domains of Life that have Prokaryotic Cells
bacteria and archaea
Genes
the units of inheritance that transmit information from parent to offspring
Evolution
genetic change in population/species over time
2 Observations that lead to the theory of Natural Selection
overproduction/competition and individual variation
When did the evolutionary view of life come into focus?
1859
Natural Selection
the mechanism of evolution; unequal reproductive success
Product of Natural Selection
adaptation
Adaptation
accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time
One of biology's best-demonstrated, most comprehensive, and longest-lasting theories
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
Individual Variation
individuals in populations of all species vary in inherited traits; no two individuals in a population are exactly the same
The unifying theme of biology
evolution
Science
a way of knowing; understanding the natural world based on inquiry; search of information, explanations, and answers to specific questions
2 Main Scientific Approaches
discovery science and hypothesis-driven science
Discovery Science
describing nature is what type of scientific process
Hypothesis-Driven Science
explaining nature
Data of Discovery Science
verifiable observations and measurements
Scientific process of inquiry
scientific method
Scientific Method
formal process of inquiry that consists of a series of steps that provide a loose guideline for scientific investigations
7 Properties of Life
Order, Regulation, Growth and Development, Energy Processing, Response to the Environment, Reproduction, Evolution
Most modern scientific investigations can be described as: what type of science?
hypothesis-driven science
Control Group
only differs from experimental group in the one factor that experiment is testing
Scientific Theory
widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad and supported by large body of evidence
2 Key features that distinguish science from other forms of inquiry
dependence on observations/measurements that others can verify and requirement that hypotheses are testable by repeatable experiments
Science and Technology are:
interdependent
Technology applies scientific discoveries to the:
development of new goods and services
Why is technology known as a "double-edged sword"
improves our standard of living, but the environmental consequences can be devastating
properties of life
there are 7 properties of life. however if something has these properties, that doesn't mean it is alive.
chemical letters
four letters found in genes. these letters consist of A, G, C, T.
Define Cell
the basic unit of life
What accounts for different types of domesticated dogs?
artificial selection
The 2 types of cells are
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Define Biology
The study of life
Name the 3 domains of life
Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria
Bacteria belongs to which Domain
Bacteria
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