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Film processing

Terms in this set (114)

The film is placed to the lingual of the teeth. True or False?
True.
Which component of x-ray film provides a stable support for the emulsion?
Film base
The film base is a flexible piece of:
Polyester plastic
The film base is transparent with a slight _____ tint used to emphasize contrast and enhance image quality.
blue
The film base is _____ mm thick.
0.2
The adhesive layer is added to the _____ before the _____ is applied.
film base; emulsion
The film emulsion is:
Attached to both sides of the film
The film emulsion is composed of a homogenous mixture of:
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
The halide in dental x-ray film is primarily silver:
Bromide
The latent image is stored by the _____ in dental x-ray film.
silver halide crystals
The areas of the film that are _____ energized will be _____ when the film is processed.
more; darker
less; lighter
The invisible pattern of stored energy on the exposed film is called the:
Latent image
Latent image centers are aggregates of:
Neutral silver atoms
During formation of the latent image, irregularities in the lattice structure of the exposed crystal, known as _____, attract silver atoms.
sensitivity specks
Which of the following types of dental x-ray film is placed inside the mouth?
Intraoral film
Which of the following statements is true of a two-film packet?
Intraoral x-ray film is a double-emulsion type of film regardless of whether the film packet contains one or two films.
A two-film packet requires _____ exposure time as a one-film packet.
the same
The two-film packet may be used:
When a duplicate record of a radiographic examination is needed.
The identification dot is used to:
Determine film orientation.
What is the purpose of the lead foil sheet found within the film packet?
To shield the film from secondary backscattered radiation.
The thin lead foil sheet is positioned:
Behind the film
The embossed pattern placed on the lead foil sheet by the manufacturer will reveal:
If the film packet is inadvertently positioned in the mouth backward and then exposed
The tube side of the dental film packet:
Is solid white
The label side of the dental film packet:
Is color-coded to distinguish between one-film and two-film packets and between film speeds
Which type of intraoral film is used to examine the crowns of both the maxillary and the mandibular teeth on one film?
Bite-wing film
The apex (tip) of the tooth roots may be seen on which type(s) of intraoral film?
Periapical and occlusal
Which type of intraoral film is best for visualizing interproximal surfaces?
Bite-wing
Which type of intraoral film is best for examination of large areas of the maxilla or mandible?
Occlusal
A # _____ size film is a standard adult periapical film.
2
Which size of bite-wing film is used to examine posterior teeth in very small children?
0
A size # _____ film is the most frequently used bite-wing film.
2
A fast film responds more quickly than a slow film, because:
The silver halide crystals in the emulsion are larger.
What is the fastest film speed? C, D, E, or F?
F
Which of the following types of film exhibits the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile?
Cephalometric
Which of the following types of film shows a wide view of the upper and lower jaws on a single radiograph?
Panoramic
Screen film:
Is sensitive to fluorescent light
Blue-sensitive screen film must be paired with screens that produce _____ light.
blue
1) An intensifying screen is a device that transfers x-ray energy into visible light; 2) the visible light, in turn, exposes the screen film.
Both statements are true.
An intensifying screen is a smooth plastic sheet coated with minute fluorescent crystals known as:
Phosphors
Rare earth screens:
Have phosphors that emit green light
Lack of contact between screen and film results in:
A loss of image sharpness
Duplicating film:
Is not exposed to x-rays.
Has an emulsion on one side only
Film is best stored in an area that is:
Cool and dry
The optimum temperature for film storage ranges from _____ to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
50; 70
The latent image is:
The image on the radiographic film before processing but after exposure
During processing, a chemical reaction occurs, and the halide portion of the _____ silver halide crystal is removed.
exposed, energized
The black metallic silver remains on the film as a result of a _____ reaction.
reduction
Which type of silver halide crystals are removed from the film?
Unexposed, unenergized
The developer initiates a chemical reaction that reduces the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver, but it leaves the unexposed silver halide crystals unaffected.
Both statements are true.
what is the processing order for manual tanks?
Development, rinsing, fixation
The first step in film processing is:
Development
The purpose of _____ is to chemically reduce the exposed, energized silver halide crystals into black metallic silver.
developer
The film emulsion is softened during which of the following stages of the development process?
Development
The film emulsion is hardened during which of the following stages of the development process?
Fixation
All excess chemicals are removed from the emulsion during:
Fixation
Concentrated powder and liquid film processing solutions are mixed with _____ before use.
distilled water
To maintain freshness, film processing solutions must be replenished:
Daily
To maintain freshness, film processing solutions must be changed every _____.
3 to 4 weeks
Normal use of processing chemistry is defined as _____ intraoral films per day.
30
_____ generates the black tones and the sharp contrast of the radiographic image.
Hydroquinone
The optimal temperature for the developer solution is _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
68
Elon generates the_____ seen on a dental radiograph.
many shades of gray
Elon is:
Not temperature sensitive.
Also known as metol.
The preservative used in developer solution is:
Sodium sulfite
If films were processed below 60 degrees Fahrenheit:
Hydroquinone would be inactive, but elon would be active.
The purpose of the preservative is to prevent the developer solution from oxidizing in the presence of:
Air
What is the chemical accelerator in developer solution?
Sodium carbonate
Which of the following chemicals in developer solution softens the gelatin of the emulsion?
Sodium carbonate
The developing agents are active only in a/an _____ environment.
basic (alkaline).
high pH.
Potassium bromide functions as which of the following components of developer solution?
Restrainer
The restrainer stops the development of:
Unexposed crystals more than exposed crystals
Which of the following is a component of fixer solution, but not developer solution?
Potassium alum
Which component of fixer solution is commonly known as "hypo"?
Sodium thiosulfate
The purpose of the fixing agent is to remove all _____ from the film emulsion.
unexposed silver halide crystals
Sodium sulfite is the _____ used in fixer solution.
preservative
The hardening agent used in fixer solution is:
Potassium alum
The purpose of the hardening agent is to harden and shrink the:
Gelatin in the film emulsion
Developer solution has (a/an) _____ pH, and fixer solution has (a/an) _____ pH.
basic; acidic
The acidifier used in fixer solution is:
Acetic acid
Any leaks of white light in the darkroom cause film:
Fog
A fogged film appears:
To lack contrast.
Dull gray.
Safelighting is a _____-intensity light composed of _____ wavelengths of the visible light spectrum.
low; long
Safelighting is in the _____ portion of the visible light spectrum.
red-orange
A safelight must be placed a minimum of _____ feet away from the film.
4
Films that are exposed to safelight illumination for more than 2 or 3 minutes will appear:
Fogged
Static electricity may cause film artifacts when:
Humidity levels are too low.
A mixing valve is used with manual tanks to:
Control the temperature of the water bath in the master tank.
The two insert tanks fit in the master tank. True or False?
True.
Developer solution is typically placed in the:
Insert tank on the left
The master tank is filled with:
Temperature-controlled water
In addition to protecting developing films from exposure to light, the light-tight lid of the processing tank protects the solutions from:
Oxidation and evaporation
The temperatures of the developer and fixer solutions are controlled by the:
Use of a mixing valve
Which of the following statements is true of automatic film processors?
Only automatic film processors with daylight loaders may be used in a room with white light.
A thermometer may be clipped to the side of the _____ for manual processing.
developer tank
A timer is used to indicate time intervals during which of the following steps of manual processing?
Developer solution.
Rinse water.
Fixer solution.
Wash water.
Film hangers are a device used to:
Hold films during processing
The purpose of a stirring rod is to:
Mix the chemicals and equalize the temperature of the solutions.
Developer solution should be changed _____ fixer solution.
at the same time as
The developer solution becomes depleted from evaporation and the removal of small amounts from the tank on the film hanger and films. With time and use, the developer solution decreases in volume but increases in strength.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
An exhausted developer produces a radiograph with:
Reduced density and reduced contrast
Exhausted fixer produces a radiograph:
That will turn a yellow-brown color because exhausted fixer does not stop the chemical reaction
To maintain adequate freshness, strength, and solution levels, both developer and fixer solutions must be replenished:
Daily
The master and insert tanks must be cleaned:
Each time the solutions are changed
Deposits form on the inside walls of the insert tanks because of an interaction between mineral salts in water and _____ in the processing solutions.
carbonate
Which of the following would be the best choice for cleaning the master and insert tanks?
A solution of hydrochloric acid and water
The major advantage of automatic film processing versus manual film processing is:
Less processing time is required.
Automatic processing: True or False? The film is transported directly from the developer solution into the fixer without a rinsing step.
True.
An extraoral cleaning film is used to:
Clean residual gelatin or dirt from the rollers.
Duplicating film:
Requires the use of a film duplicator
Underdeveloped films may result from:
Low developer temperature
Overdeveloped films may result from:
Overconcentrated developer solution
Reticulation means the film appears:
Cracked
Insufficient fixation time or insufficient rinsing would lead to:
Yellow-brown films
Developer cutoff appears as a:
Straight white border on the film
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