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forensics midterm

Terms in this set (65)

Forensic science is the application of science to:
both criminal and civil laws
the fictional character of sherlock was created by:
doyle
who is known at the "father of forensic toxicology"?
orfilia
who developed the system known as anthropometry
bertillon
who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification
galton
who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations
lattes
who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner
goddard
who established the first workable crime lab
locard
the exchange of evidence principle was theorized by:
locard
the oldest forensic lab in the US is that of the:
los angeles police department
which search pattern employs several people moving from the boundary straight toward the center of the scene (inward) or from the center straight to the boundary (outward)?
wheel
the first responding officer must make attempts at the crime scene to detain and question:
witnesses and suspects
Digital crime scene photographs require special measures to assure their admissibility in court due to:
The ability to manipulate the images
charred debris from an arson scene should be:
packaged in airtight glass jars
which type of evidence must be packaged separately from other evidence
Biological stain evidence, DNA-containing evidence, and arson evidence
police barricades, and the strategic positioning of guards, will prohibit access to the crime scene for:
All unauthorized personnel
which search pattern would be best suited for a crime scene where many investigators are available to search a large area
zone
a rough sketch need NOT include a:
Sketch of the suspect(s)
the most basic methods of crime scene recording do NOT include:
infrared analysis
physical evidence at a hit-and-run scene could include:
fiber and tissue, glass fragments, and fabric impressions
When items of evidence have individual characteristics, this can lead to a determination of common origin. Which type of evidence cannot yield such results?
single layer paint
forensic data bases are not maintained for which one of the following
dental impressions
During a comparison analysis, a suspect specimen and a control specimen are subjected to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining what?
whether or not they have a common origin
who ultimately determines the significance of physical evidence during a trial
the jury
The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to:
corroborate events with data in a manner nearly without bias
to calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the ____ can be applied by using series of blood factors that occur independently of each other
product rule
The examination of a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim's garment side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of:
comparison
what is the frequency of occurrence of type of event called
probability
physical evidence is considered to have ____ eyewitness (testimonial) evidence
greater than value
which of the following is the computerized database used to store DNA information
CODIS
the case of Frye v. US deals with the legal issue of general acceptance of scientific principles (T/F)
true
the effectiveness of an expert's testimony does not usually depend on the educational background of the expert (T/F)
false
forensic science is the application of science to criminal laws only (T/F)
false
locards exchange principle states that whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is an exchange of materials between them (T/F)
true
the physical science unit would perform soil and mineral analysis (T/F)
true
the comparison of hairs and fibers would be performed in the biology unit (T/F)
true
examining garments and other objects in order to detect firearms discharge residues would be performed in the biology unit (T/F)
false
an expert witness gives testimony on events or observations that arise from personal knowledge (T/F)
false
a lay witness's testimony cannot usually contain the personal opinions of the witness (T/F)
true
the toxicology unit would determine the alcoholic consumption of individuals (T/F)
true
the obligation to maintain the integrity of the evidence belongs to the first police officer at the scene only (T/F)
false
the relative evidential value of lab test results is almost always dependent on the way the evidence is collected and presented for examination (T/F)
true
the line and spiral search pattern methods can be performed effectively by one person (T/F)
true
the first critical step in crime scene investigation is securing and isolating the crime scene (T/F)
true
The areas searched by crime-scene investigators must include all probable points of entry and exit used by the criminal (T/F)
true
the main objective in collecting and packaging physical evidence is to prevent any change in the evidence between the time it is removed from the crime scene and the time it is received by the crime lab (T/F)
true
bloodstained materials should be packaged in wrapping paper, manila envelopes, or paper bags (T/F)
true
the victims clothing and fingernail scrapings are common items of evidence that are sent to the forensic lab (T/F)
true
failure to protect a crime scene properly may result in the destruction or altering of evidence (T/F)
true
the first priority of the first officer responding to a crime scene is securing the crime scene (T/F)
false
the ______ witness evaluates evidence that the court lacks the expertise to do.
expert
a forensic ______ can compare bite marks left on a victim to the tooth structure of suspects
odontologist
the ______ unit performs DNA profiling of dried bloodstains and other body fluid
biology
the ______ case assigned the trial judge the task of ensuring that an expert's testimony rests on a reliable foundation and is relevant to the task at hand
daubert
forensic science is the application of science to the ______
law
a ______ witness must give testimony on events or observations that arise from personal knowledge
lay
fingerprinting replaced ______ as a method of personal identification
anthropometry
the ______ unit helps prepare photographic exhibits for courtroom presentation
photography
the ______ unit examines body fluids and organs to determine the presence or absence of drugs and poison
toxicology
______ was the first to use a comparison microscope to analyze bullets to determine whether they were fired from the same gun
goddard
list 3 basic functions of a forensic scientist
•analyzes physical evidence
•produce expert testimony
•recognize, collect, and present crime scene
what is the main difference between testimony given by an expert witness and that given by a lay witness
•expert witness can give their opinion
•lay witness cannot give their opinion
list and describe the roles of the evidence collector at the crime scene
•handling physical evidence in a way that minimizes damages or contamination
•maintain chain of custody by using paper labeling and documentation methods for evidence
•determining and using proper packaging material
list two possible consequences of failure to protect a crime scene properly
•destruction or altering of evidence
•mess up the search for the perpetrator
explain how forensic data bases assist forensic investigations
one person brings in the evidence for everyone
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