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Digital Photo Final Terms (SCHS)

Terms in this set (43)

An automatic or manual control that adjust the brightest
part of the scene so that it looks white. Depending on the light source, choices are Sunny, Cloudy, Flourescent, Tungsten, or Custom.

The amount of light used in a photograph, based on the aperture and how long the shutter stays open.

The lens opening through which light passes, express by a
number call f-number (or f-stop). Typically f-stops range from f/2 through
f/32, although many lenses don't reach the extremes on either end. Each
higher number represents an opening half the size of the previous number,
with f/2 being the largest opening and f/32 the smallest. The aperture is
one of the key factors in an exposure setting.

The device in a camera that opens and closes to let light from
the scene strike the image sensor and expose the image.

photographic material consisting of a thin transparent plastic base
coated with a light sensitive emulsion.

Charge-coupled device. An image sensor made up of rows of
photodiodes, which are transistors that convert light energy to electrical
energy and transmit the electrical charges one row at a time. Takes the
place of film in non-digital cameras.

optical element made of glass or plastic and capable of bending
light. A lens may be constructed of single or multiple elements.

the distance, in millimeters, from the optical center of the lens to the image sensor when the lens is focused on infinity. Also defined
as the distance along the optical axis from the lens to the focal point. The inverse of a lens's focal length is called its power. Long focal lengths work
like telescopes to enlarge an image; short focal lengths produce wideangle
views.

Main part of the camera

A method that changes the focal length of a lens to change its angle of view from wide angle to telephoto. Optical zoom is
preferable to digital zoom.

A way of emulating the telephoto capabilities of a zoom
lens by enlarging the center of the image and inserting new pixels into the
image using interpolation (creating new pixels by guessing).

Wide angle lens

A lens with an angle of view between 62 and 84
degrees.

number that equals the focal length of the lens divided by the
diameter of the aperture. Examples: f1.4, f2.0, f2.8, f4.0, f 5.6, f8.0

The length of time during which the camera shutter
remains open. These speeds are expressed in seconds or fractions of a
second, such as 2, 1, ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500,
1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000 and 1/8000. Each increment is equal to one full f-stop.
Increasing the speed of the shutter one increment, for example,
reduces the amount of light let in during the exposure by half, so the lens
aperture would need to be opened on f/stop to produce an exposure with the same tonal values as the exposure made with the original shutter
speed setting.

Increasing the size of the lens aperture and thus the amount
of light passing into the camera. It decreases depth of field.

reducing the size of the lens aperture and thus the
amount of light passing into the camera. It increases depth of field.

The area between the nearest and farthest points that are
in focus through a camera lens. Depth of field increases at smaller lens
apertures.

difference between the image seen by a viewing system and
that recorded on film or the CCD in a digital camera

Erasing the memory card so that room is made for new
pictures.

The strap attached to the camera to make sure you don't
drop the camera. The strap should be around the neck of the person
using the camera at all times.

Keeping your elbow close to your chest as you take a picture.
Your body acts as a tripod against your elbow, keeping your arm steady.

The sharpness of an image that's measure in dots per inch
(dpi) for printers, and pixels per inch (ppi) for scanners, digital cameras,
and monitors. The higher the dpi or ppi, the greater the resolution.

Resolution, interpolated

A process that enlarges an image by adding
extra pixels whose color values are calculated from the values of the
surrounding pixels.

literally writing or drawing with light (from the Greek words
photos meaning light and graphos, writing). First suggested by Sir John
Herschel to William Fox Talbot in 1839.

continuously adjustable lens aperture consisting of
interposed metal leaves.

an image or image sensor with about one million pixels.

Slow shutter speed

Typically any shutter speed below 1/125ths of a
second. Used when light is scarce or when one wishes to record action
over a period of time.

Fast shutter speed

Typically any shutter speed above 1/250th of a
second. Used when light is abundant or when one wishes to record a split
second of action.

Over/under number for shutter speed

A warning that indicates that the
shutter speed is either too fast or too slow for the amount of light available
with the existing aperture.

artificial light source giving brief but very bright illumination.

An electronic flash that measures the light reflected from a
subject and varies the duration and intensity of the flash for each
exposure. Use this mode for ordinary photography. The flash fires as
required by the shooting conditions.

The photographer chooses when and what kind of flash to
use depending on the circumstances. Examples are for red-eye reduction when taking pictures of people in low-light conditions and Forced or Fill
Flash for backlit scenes, such as a subject against a window or in the
shade of a tree, or to get the correct colors when taking a picture under
birth lighting.

A camera mode that adjusts the aperture and shutter
speed based on direct readings of a light meter built into the camera.

Similar to auto exposure, there are different modes that
tell the camera that you are shooting specific kinds of subjects. The
camera then adjusts the aperture and shutter speeds based on what it
considers most suitable for the conditions. Some different modes are
Auto, Portrait, Landscape, Sports, and Night Scenes.

Reflected light

light bounced off a subject, not falling on it.

term once used to describe a photograph taken with the I
(instantaneous) setting on cameras. The term originally came from rifle
shooting, when little or no time is allowed for aiming.

A picture that has been designed with consideration of
subject, light, and composition before snapping the picture.

visible radiated energy which forms part of the electro-magnetic
spectrum in the wavelength range of 4000-7000 Å (400-720 nm).

Compositional device used by many photographers
loosely based on the Golden Mean, or Golden Proportion, which is
psychologically pleasing to humans. One can divide any rectangle into
thirds, both horizontally and vertically. The intersections of these lines are
called "hot spots" or "sweet spots". If one places the center of interest on
or near one of these spots, and arranges the composition along the
vertical and horizontal lines as well, one is almost guaranteed a more
interesting and pleasing composition.

Based on the Rule of Thirds. The 9 divisions made by the rule
of thirds.

The amount of space left in a composition above the top of
your main subject and the limit of your image. Very important when one
is taking a photograph of a person. Too much headroom and a subject
appears isolated and lost, too little and it feels as if the subject is trapped.

The portion of the picture furthest from the viewer.

The overall design of your picture. Based on how you use
the elements of art in your picture - Line, Shape, Space/Form, Color,
Texture, and Value.

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