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U.S History Semester 1 Exam

Terms in this set (60)

Push factor
Factors that motivate people to leave their home countries
Pull factor
A factor that induces people to move to a new location
Push factors Colonies
England->Religious persecution, England
Pull factors Colonies
Netherlands, the Dutch
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Purpose of Navigation Acts
To obtain more ships, sailors, and trade. British trade laws that stated only English ships with English sailors could trade with English colonies
Concept of Mercantilism
Countries needed to sell more to other countries than they brought, funneling money into their country.
Education in the Northern Colonies
Long tradition of education-small public school
Education in the Middle/Southern Colonies
Homeschool on plantations and few public school
English Bill of Rights
Document signed in 1689 that guaranteed the rights of English citizens
Magna Carta
English document that limited power of the king and provided basic rights for citizens
English Bill of Rights compared to Magna Carta
The English Bill of Rights enhanced the ideas of the Magna Carta
Who did the colonists model their country after?
Great Britain
Why did the colonists oppose new taxes?
They saw the taxes as unfair and there was no representation in parliament
How did the colonists go about opposing new taxes?
Colonists boycotted, protested, and wrote articles
Loyalist
Those loyal to Britain opposed British taxes but felt that the government should be obeyed. They feared this resistance would lead to a deadly war
"No taxation without representation"
Colonists refused to pay taxes without being represented in parliament
Where does the government get its power?
From the people
Turning point of Revolutionary War
The Battle of Saratoga
Why did fighting break out in Lexington and Concord?
There was a report that minutemen stored their arms in Concord. The British wanted to seize the ams. The minutemen wanted to defend their weapons, so they fought back
Treaty of Paris 1783
Peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States to end the Revolutionary War
What happened to slavery in the North following the Revolutionary war?
It ends
Land Ordinance of 1785
Law which designed a system for managing and settling lands in the Northwest Territory
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Law which provided a basis for governing the Northwest Territory
Why did delegates meet at the Constitutional Convention
To revise the Articles of Confederation
3/5th Compromise
Compromise in which each enslaved person would be counted as three fifths of a person for the purpose of legislative representation
Who were the Federalists and what did they believe?
Federalists are supporters of the Constitutions. They wanted a strong federal government to provide protection, maintain order, regulate trade, and guarantee the rights of citizen.
Strengths of the Articles of Confederation
- Congress power to make peace, money, appoint army off., post office, deal indian affairs
- Sense of union
- Creation of central authority
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
No power to tax, President lacked power, no money to buy ships or pay soldiers
Major components of Virginia Plan
Two houses (Senate, House of Representatives)
Principles of Government
- Popular sovereignty
- Limited government
- Separation of powers
- Checks and balances
- Judicial review
- Federalism
Federalism
a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states
Limited Government
A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution.
Separation of Powers
The division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
Popular Sovereignty
Rule by the people
What did the Federalists want?
Strong central government
Who were the Anti-Federalists and what did they want?
Group of people that were against the ratification of the constitution because government would have too much power and forget about the people's rights; State powers and bill of rights
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments; Basic freedoms
How did the Industrial revolution change the way people worked?
The development of machines increased the speed and volume of production. This process reduced the amount training required or skills for an individual job. Untrained workers were numerous.
Protective Tariff
A tax on all imported goods, which was a way to encourage Americans to buy in the U.S
Missouri Compromise
Missouri was a slave state; Maine was a free state; There was no slavery North of 36 degrees 30 degrees North Parallel
Revivalist preachers
Enthusiastic speakers
Anti-Catholic sentiment in Second Great Awakening
It was believed that Catholicism is incompatible with American ideals of democracy.
How did the 2GA inspire people
It renewed the importance of religion in American life
Mormons
Group led by Brigham Young from Ohio to Utah
Temperance Movement
Movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
Horace Mann
School reformer who grew up poor and created state board of education. He inspired people to provide a better education for children and advanced the idea of free public schools.
Dorthea Dix
Taught Sunday school at Massachusetts and discovered that people with mental illnesses were housed with criminals and wanted to change that. She went to every hospital, prison, and almshouse for two years and wrote to state legislatures. Prison reformers thought prison should make prisoners feel sorrow for their crimes. This is called the penitentiary.
Why was the Seneca Falls Convention important?
it was the first Women's Rights Convention in the United States
Sojourner Truth
African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist from New York who was born into slavery and escaped with her daughter. She gave powerful speeches.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. Worked for guaranteeing many property rights for women (Married Women's property Act)
Amelia Bloomer
American women's rights and temperance advocate. Leading voice for women's rights. Advocated equality of women in all things including right to wear pants instead of dresses.
What conditions were placed on American settlers moving to Texas?
Settlers must worship as Roman Catholics, Anglo-Texans must become Mexican citizens, and Slavery, as banned by the Mexican constitution must not be practiced.
Fugitive Slave Act
Law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves
Kansas-Nebraska Act
​1854 law that divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
- antislavery novel by Harriet Beecher
- It was Published in 1852
- It had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S.
and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War"
"Black Moses"
Harriet Tubman
Who wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Stephen Douglas
Why did Crittenden's compromise fail?
Lincoln convinced senators to vote against the compromise.
Dred Scott decision​
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his 4 year stayin the northern portion of Louisiana territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S. Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
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