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Chemistry Atomic Structure Test Review

Terms in this set (35)

One atomic mass unit is equal to
1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 atom
Atoms are made up of mostly what?
empty space
The atomic mass of an atom is usually not a whole number because it accounts for what?
both relative abundance and the mass of each of the atom's isotopes
Who proposed the nuclear atomic model
Rutherford
Who determined the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron
Thomson
Who calculated the mass of an electron?
Millikan
What is radioactive decay?
where a nucleus loses energy spontaneously
What is a nuclear reaction
a reaction that involves a change in an atom's nucleus
What is radiation?
the rays and particles that are emitted by a radioactive material
What is beta radiation?
fast moving electrons
what is radiation deflected toward the positively charged plate
beta radiation
what are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
what is high energy radiation that has no charge and no mass
a gamma ray
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
atom
What is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes
atomic mass
What is the center-most part of an atom where the protons and neutrons are contained
nucleus
What type of radiation is deflected towards the negatively charged plate
alpha radiation
What are the rays and particles emitted by radioactive material
radiation
what is equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
atomic mass unit
What is a cathode ray
a ray of radiation traveling from the cathode to the anode
What is the process by which unstable nuclei lose energy
radioactive decay
What is Dalton's atomic theory
that all matter is composed of atoms
What is radioactivity
process whereby some substances spontaneously emit radiation
What is the symbol of a proton
p+
What is the symbol of a neutron
What is the symbol of an electron
What is the location of a proton
nucleus
What is the location of a neutron
nucleus
What is the location of an electron
space around the nucleus
What is the relative charge of a proton
+1
What is the relative charge of a neutron
0
What is the relative charge of an electron
-1
What is the relative mass of a proton
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron
1
What is the relative mass of an electron
1/1840
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