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AP Euro Unit 3 Terms

Terms in this set (28)

An agreement between the members of a society the states and limits the rights and duties of the ruler and the community. Created in a state of nature.
Social Contract
The will of the people as a whole. Not determined by the vote of a majority but the common interest that unites everyone. The term was made famous by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A member of society would appeal to the General Will when they feel they're rights in the Social Contract have been violated.
General Will
Genevan philosopher during the Enlightenment. Originally believed that the best traits of human character were created by the state of nature, but contradicted his thoughts in The Social Contract, which claimed that good people could only be produced by an improved society. His political philosophy directly influenced aspects of the French Revolution.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Last french King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. Married to Marie Antoinette and eventually guillotined.
Louis XVI
Queen of France with King Louis XVI during the beginning French Revolution. Guillotined by the people with her husband.
Marie Antoinette
The powerful, centralized court system of France. It was also the court of appeals for lower courts in the surrounding areas.
Parlement of Paris
The lowest estate out of the three. It includes the french peasants, bourgeoisie and working class.
Third Estate
A legislative consultative assembly of the three different estates. It had a separate assembly for each of the three estates which were called and dismissed by the king.
Estates General
A revolutionary assembly made up of 25% clergy, 25% nobility, and 50% commoners. All the members take the 'tennis court oath' to not back down. This is where the General Will is located.
National Assembly
The largest party in the National Convention. They were the most radical, ruthless, and influential political groups during the time. Along with Robespierre, they instituted the Terror.
Jacobin Club
Political groups whose members were called Montagnards. They sat on the highest benches in the National Assembly, were associated with the Jacobins, and opposed the Girondins.
The Mountain (Montagnards)
Lower political faction in the National Assembly. They opposed the Montagnards. Also active in the Legislative Assembly and National Convention.
Girondins
Common working class of the third estate. They side with the Montagnards after Robespierre entices them.
Sans-culottes
The first government of the French Revolution following the National and Legislative Assemblies. The first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether.
National Convention
Created by the National Convention, it formed the executive government in France during the Reign of Terror.
Committee of Public Safety
A French lawyer and politician, and he was the leader of the radical Montagnards during the Reign of Terror.
Maximilien Robespierre
The action of killing a king. This took place multiple times during the french revolution.
Regicide
Period of time when many french people were killed by Robespierre, the Jacobins and the Montagnard. Lasted from September 1793 until the fall of Robespierre in 1794. Its purpose was to purge France of enemies of the Revolution and protect the country from foreign invaders.
Reign of Terror (The Terror)
The event in which the remaining Jacobins turn on and execute Robespierre. He is shot and injured and then guillotined.
Thermidorian Reaction
Five-member committee that governed France until overthrown by Napoleon in the coup of Brumaire. It replaced the Committee of Public safety and is replaced by the French Consulate.
The Directory
a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days.
Napoleon
The French civil code established under Napoleon in 1804. New legal code protected male equality before the law and property rights, but many other reforms rolled back.
Napoleonic Code
The empire over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain and the balkans; Includes all French-speaking regions of Europe.
Grand Empire
Battle fought between the British Royal navy and the combined French and Spanish fleets. The British win and the French navy is destroyed.
Battle of Trafalgar
Foreign policy that excluded British trade from European ports. Napoleon attempts to invade Russia to enforce the system, but he loses most of his army, which ultimately leads to the end of his time in power.
Continental System
Marks the period between Napoleon's return from exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 when smuggles himself out.
The Hundred Days Campaign
The battle in which Napoleon's army is defeated by two armies of the Seventh Coalition. Napoleon is then exiled to the island of St. Helena. House of Bourbon is restored.
Battle of Waterloo
A meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.
Congress of Vienna
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