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Anatomy semester 1 exam

Terms in this set (26)

1) Movement
2) Responsiveness
3) Growth
4) Reproduction
5) Respiration
What are 5 characteristics of life (out of 10)
1) Atom
2) Molecule
3) Macromolecules
4) Organelles
5) Cells
6) Tissue
7) Organ
8) Organ system
9) Organism
List the 9 Levels of organization
1) Integumentary
2) Skeletal
3) Muscular
4) Nervous
5) Endocrine
6) Cardiovascular
7) Lymphatic
8) Digestive
9) Respiratory
10) Urinary
11) Male reproductive
12) Female reproductive
List the 8 of the major organ systems (out of 12)
Mixtures with more hydrogen ions are acids and have a pH level less than 7.0
Mixtures with more hydroxyl ions are bases and have a pH level more than 7.0
What are the characteristics of an acid and a base
They are the basic building blocks of simple sugar molecules and provides energy that cells require and contribute to cell structure
What are the general characteristics of a carbohydrate
They are composed of nucleotides that control cellular activities and contain genetic material. RNA and DNA
Describe the structure of a nucleic acid and 2 examples
serve as structural material, energy sources, cell surface receptors and enzymes
What are the general characteristics of protein
the movement of molecules or ions from regions of higher concentration towards regions of lower concentration (it exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide)
What is diffusion
the diffusion of water molecules from regions of higher water concentration to regions of lower water concentrations through a selectively permeable membrane
What is osmosis
Facilitated diffusion-special carrier molecules move substances only from regions of higher concentrations to regions of lower concentrations through the cell membrane

Active transport-moves molecules or ions from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. It requires cellular energy from ATP and carrier molecules in the cell membrane
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport
- interphase
- mitosis
-meiosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- cytoplasmic division
- differentiation
- apoptosis
What are the phases of the cell cycle (in order)
Anabolism builds large molecules from smaller molecules
Catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules
What's the difference between anabolism and catabolism
ATP is used in cellular metabolic processes as the main energy source
Why is ATP important to the cell cycle?
1) Hair follicles
2) Sebaceous glands
3) Nails
4) Sweat glands
What are the 4 accessory organs
1) redness
2) heat
3) swelling
4) pain
What are the 4 responses the skin undergoes to an injury
1) Provide
2) Protect
3) House
4) Store
5) Contain
What are the 5 functions of bones
fibrous
Suture between bones of skull
Ball-in-socket
Shoulder, hip
Metacarpals and phalanges
Condyloid
Elbow
Hinge
Proximal ends of radius and ulna
Pivot
Saddle
Joint between Carpal and metacarpal of the thumb
gliding
Wrist, ankle
Vertebrae
Cartilaginous
Muscle fiber contraction results from sliding movement of actin and myosin filaments. The reaction between actin and myosin generates the force of contraction
Explain how the muscle filaments of a myofibril interact during muscle contraction
Origin- fixed or immovable end
Insertion- movable end
Distinguish between origin and insertion
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