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Music History Unit 3 & Final

Terms in this set (40)

avante garde
describes music and art. intention is seeking to disregard "normal" aesthetics); techniques within -> total serialism ( Babbitt's Philomel 1964), indeterminacy (Cage's Music of Changes 1951) prepared piano (Cage's Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano 1946), and free jazz (Sun Ra's "Outer Nothingness" 1965).
Ballet
a dramatic work that includes a story relayed through dance and music and danced by professionals eg. Stravinsky/Nijinsky's Le Sacre du Printemps
Ballet Russe
Russian ballet company organized by Diaghilev to bring exotic Russian dancing to Paris. Many composers, including Stravinsky, Ravel, Debussy, and others composed works for this company, eg. Le Sacre du Printemps.
Bebop
Jazz style. popular in the 1940s and 1950s. focused IMPROV (important )with small ensembles (just a rhythm section and a couple soloing instruments) eg. Parker and Gillespie's "Koko"
- Monk's "Misterioso"
Collage
borrowing materials from one source and using it another format. Types:
juxtaposition - presents many different types of music sometimes linearly and sometimes simultaneously--> Ives "General William Booth Enters into Heaven"
Stylistic - one distinct style is used within another--> Copland's Appalachian Spring, (Shaker hymn within a classical ballet)
Historical - materials from disparate time periods are presented--> Bernstein's use medieval mass text and compositional ideas in his Broadway style Mass
Exoticism
- trend in which composers sought to evoke glamour and strangeness of foreign cultures
- using generic musical ideas we know to represent aspects of a non-Western culture, or non-dominant cultures in the West
- usually does not sound like authentic music from that culture
eg. Bizet's Carmen
Experimentalism (aka. status)
-musician/composer fully embraces artistic autonomy
- push artistic boundaries via exploring new sounds, techniques, and styles NO regard for audience perception
-status composer assumes listener will work before engaging with their composition
-Cage's Sonatas and Interludes prepared piano (1946)
Expressionism
avoids traditional forms of "beauty" in order to portray deep personal feelings through exaggerated gestures, angular melodies and extreme dissonance
eg. Berg's Wozzeck.
Free Jazz
avant-garde jazz, 1950s and beyond, gets rid of tonal harmony, pulse, and even form. FOCUS on individual and collective improvisation-->form of experimentalism--> Sun Ra's "Outer Nothingness." 1965
Fusion
1970s and 1980s, heavily amplified instruments and mixed rock techniques (such as melodic guitars) with jazz rhythms. Miles Davis' "Sivad.
Gesamtkunstwerk (translation: total work of art)
Originally Wagner's goal for music dramas=greatly enhance the drama through the composer controlling all aspects of the production
- music, text, sets, scenery, etc.: they would all be beholden to the composer.
eg. Wagner operas from Der Ring des Nibelungen cycle (Die Walküre, Siegfried)
Historicism
composers drawing inspiration from recreating or using earlier musical styles
--> Brahms does through the quotation of a chorale melody and style in fourth movement of his Symphony no. IV
Impressionism
music more subjective, harmony melody and rhythmically becomes blurred. Evokes moods and visual imagery eg. Debussy String Quartet g minor op. 10
Indeterminacy
composer leaves certain elements of the music unspecified, possibly up to the choice of the performer(s). an example is unclear rhythmic notation eg. Cage's Music of Changes, Book I (1951)
notes of the melody are distributed among different instruments of the ensemble.. the "melody" jumps from one voice to another, shading shifts when new instruments enters, also refers to slowly shifting chords eg. "Farben" from Schoenberg's Five Orchestral Pieces
Klangfarbenmelodie
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