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AMS 2 midterm

Terms in this set (50)

diatom
a group of unicellular algae found in phytoplankton, characterized by silica skeletons
dinoflagellate
group of unicellular algae found in phytoplankton
cyanobacteria
group of photosynthetic bacteria found in marine and fresh water
chloroplast
the photosynthetic cell organelle found in eukaryotes
chlorophyll
green pigments responsible for light capture in photosynthesis in algae and plants
carotenoid
a yellow, orange, or red plant pigment
xanthophyll
a yellow or brown plant pigment used as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis
respiration
the process by which all living things release energy from their food by oxidizing glucose
photosynthesis
the process of using light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water protoctists
absorption spectrum
a graph of the absorbance of different wavelengths of light by a compound such as a photosynthetic pigment
action spectrum
a graph showing the effect of different wavelengths of light on a process
turbidity
the cloudiness of water or other fluids due to the presence of particles. affects penetration of light
gross primary production
the amount of light or chemical energy fixed by producers in a given length of time in a green area
net primary production
the amount of energy that is left over after respiration to be made into new plant biomass
limiting factor
factor that causes population growth to decrease
denatured (denaturation)
the loss of shape of enzymes resulting in a loss of activity, usually the result of heating to a high temperature
aerobic respiration
the release of energy from glucose or another substrate in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic respiration
the release of energy from glucose or another in the absence of oxygen
active transport
the movement of particles from a lower concentration to a higher concentration against a concentration gradient
diffusion
random movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration toward one of lower concentration
osmosis
the movement of water from a higher water potential (more dilute solution) to a lower water potential (higher concentration of solute) across a selectively permeable membrane
ram ventilation
ventilation of gills by swimming with the mouth open so that a constant flow of water over the gills; only occurs when a fish is swimming
pump ventilation
ventilation of gills by the muscle action of the mouth pumping water over the gills; can occur when the fish is stationary
stenohaline
description of organisms that are able to tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
euryhaline
organisms that are able to tolerate only a narrow range of salinities (ex. salmon)
osmoconformer
organisms that have an ionic and salt concentration that is the same as the surrounding water
osmoregulator
organisms that regulate their internal salt and ion balance at a constant level, which may differ from the surrounding water
alevin
the first larval form of salmon, they possess a yolk sac and remain within the gravel nests of redds
fry
the early, small larval stage of many fish, including salmon
parr
salmon stage between fry and smolt; lives in rivers and has markings along sides of the body that acts as camouflage
smolt
form of salmon that occurs when parr lose they markings while in estuaries
trochophore
the first larval stage of mollusks such as giant clams and oysters; they move using cilia and are planktonic
veliger
the second stage of larva of mollusks, characterized by the presence of a vellum organ used for feeding and movement and a shell
spat
larval form of oyster, giant clam, and other bivalve mollusks that settles and attaches to substrate
hermaphroditism
able to produce both male and female gametes
protozoea
the second stage larva of crustaceans such as shrimp; typically planktonic, these larvae pass through several forms as they grow
mysis
the later larval form of crustaceans; these shrimp larvae drift to coastal areas
external fertilization
when gametes such as sperm and eggs are released and fuse outside the body
sustainable fishing
fishing up to the maximum sustainable yield so that future fish stocks are not at risk of being depleted
purse seine
a seine net used to capture pelagic shoals of fish; it has a series of ropes that are used to close it and trap the fish before hauling them on board
pelagic
zone of open ocean of sea water that is not close to the seabed or shore
trawling
fish with a trawl net or seine.
benthic
fishing method where a net is dragged along the bottom of the seabed; wooden boards keep the front of the net open and stir up the seabed, causing damage
recruitment
the arrival of new organisms in a population; for fish it is considered to be the age when they can be caught in nets
mortality rate
natural death rate arising from natural causes
fecundity
the rate of reproduction of organisms; fish - rate is often measured in egg production
demersal
region of sea close to seabed; these fish live on or close to the seabed
catch per unit effort (CPUE)
measure of fish abundance calculated from the catch size divided by the fishing effort
gross domestic product (GDP)
a measure of a nations total economic activity
internal fertilization
when gametes such as sperm and eggs fuse inside the body of a parent
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