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Mus 20 exam 4

Terms in this set (54)

Futurism
manifesto in 1909; declared an alienation from established institutes and focused on the dynamism of the 20th century
Dadaism
rejected the idea of art to be admired; reacted to the horrors of war's bloodbath
Sprechstimme
"Speech like melody" A vocal style developed by Schoenberg, vocal melody is spoken rather than sung
Klangfarbenmelodie
tone-color melody, each note of a melody is played by a different instrument
Atonality
...
Rondeau
ABABACA; musical form where the first line reoccurs
Serialism
Method of composition in which various musical elements may be ordered in a fixed series (schoenberg method)
tone row
An arrangement of the twelve chromatic tones that serves as the basis of a twelve-tone composition.
transposed row
keeps the same order of intervals but begins on a different pitch
Inversion
movements of the notes is in the opposite direction (up instead of down) so the rows appear upside down
retrograde
arrangement of pitches in reverse order, so the row comes out backwards
retrograde inversion
backwards and upside down
Second Viennese School
Schoenberg, Berg, Webern
work songs
communal songs that synchronized the rhythm of work
Ring Shout
Religious dance of African American slaves, performed with hand clapping and a shuffle step to spirituals.
spirituals
Folklike devotional genre of the United States, sung by African Americans and whites.
blue notes
melodic "pitch blending"; sung over standard harmonic progressions
New Orleans Jazz
early jazz characterized by multiple improvisations in an ensemble of cornet (or trumpet), clarinet (or saxophone), trombone, piano, double bass (or tuba), banjo (or guitar), and drums; repertory included blues, ragtime, and popular songs
scat singing
a jazz style that sets syllables without meaning (vocables) to an improvised vocal line
Chorus
Fairly large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work. In jazz, a single statement of the melodic-harmonic pattern.
swing
Jazz term coined to describe Louis Armstrong's style; more commonly refers to big band jazz.
Big Band Era
The mid-1930s to the mid-1940s, when swing was the most popular music in the United States. Important musicians of the era were Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Benny Goodman.
shakes
shaking the lips to fluctuate between pitches
Bebop
complex jazz style developed in the 1940s
Cool Jazz
a laid-back style characterized by dense harmonies, lowered levels of volume, moderate tempos, and a new lyricism
West Coast Jazz
a small-group, cool-jazz style featuring mixed timbres and contrapuntal improvisations (one instrument for each color, often without piano)
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Neo-Classical
Belonging to a new interest in classical style as it relates to art and architecture
Ethnomusicologist
a scholar who studies the music of different cultural groups; new students of folklore
Postmodernism
a movement in the arts and literature that reacts against early modernist principles through the use of classical and traditional elements
Abstract Expressionism
space, mass, and color were freed from the need to imitate objects in the real world; shown on the canvases of Robert Motherwell and Jackson Pollock in the US during the 1950s and 1960s
pop art
drew its themes from modern urban life: machines, advertisements, comic strips, movies, commercial photography, and familiar objects connected with everyday living
Minimalism
contemporary musical style featuring the repetition of short melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variation
new classicalism
...
earthworks
environmental art that explores ecological and natural issues and advocates an approach akin to that of minimalism
Aleatoric Music
left decisions determining overall shape to the performer or to chance; aka chance music
tone clusters
highly dissonant combination of pitches sounded simultaneously
microtones
musical intervals smaller than a semitones (half steps, prevalent in some non-western musics and some 20-century music
process music
a compositional style in which a composer selects a simple musical idea and repeats it over and over, as it's gradually changed or elaborated upon
phase music
the process of recording a musical idea on a loop of magnetic tape and playing several copies of that loop simultaneously, slowly changing the tape speeds in order to combine the loops in various ways; used by Steve Reich, Terry Riley, and LaMonte Young
Polyrythm
the simultaneous use of several rhythmic patters or meters, common in 20th-century music and certain African musics
neo-romanticism
a contemporary style of music that employs the rich harmonic language and other elements of Romantic and post-Romantic composers
Underscoring
a technique used in films in which the music comes from an unseen source
source music
a film technique in which music comes from a logical source within the film and functions as part of the story
Leitmotif
"leading motive," or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea; widely used in Wagner's music dramas
spiritual minimalism
contemporary musical style related to minimalism, characterized by a weak pulse and long chains of lush progressions--either tonal or modal
drones
sustained soundings of one or several pitches for harmonic support, a common feature of some folk musics
Polyharmony
two or more streams of harmony played against each other, common in 20th-century music
Tin Pan Alley
nickname for the popular music industry centered in NY from the 19th century through the 1950s; also the style of popular song in the US during that period
Vaudeville
a light comedic variety show with music featuring popular song, dance, comedy, and acrobatics; flourished in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
avant-garde
French term that refers to new styles and techniques in the arts, especially in the early 20th century
Expressionism
a style of visual art and literature in Germany and Austria in the early 20th century; the term is sometimes also applied to music, especially composers of the Second Viennese School (Schoenberg, Berg, Webern)
Cubism
the Paris-based style of painting in geometric patterns; embodied in the works of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris
Surrealism
included artists such as Salvador Dali and Joan Miró, both of whom explored the world of dreams
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