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Ch. 10 Urinary System
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Gravity
Quick and Easy Medical Terminoloty
Terms in this set (99)
Excretion
Process that eliminates bodily wastes
Urination
Act of voiding
Erythropoietin
Substance that causes production of red cells; stimulates erythrocyte production
Urea
Final product of protein metabolism and the major nitrogenous waste product in urine
Urology
Branch of medicine concerned with the male genital tract and the urinary tracts of both genders
Urologist
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
Urinary
Pertaining to urine or the formation of urine
Ureters
The pathway that urine leaves the kidneys
Urethra
Canal in which urine is expelled
Renal
Pertaining to the kidney
Ureteral
Pertaining to the ureter
Urethral
Pertaining to the urethra
Nephrons
Functional units of the kidneys
Tubules
Tubular sections; Sections of the kidney where the filtration of wastes, electrolytes, and water is controlled.
Glomerulus
Cluster of blood vessels surrounded by Bowman's capsule
Glomerular Filtrations
Initial process in the formation of urine; filtering of the blood
Tubular reabsorption
Secretion of substances into the urine
Tubular Secretion
Secretion of substances into the urine
Urinalysis
Part of a physical examination but is particularly useful for patients with suspected urologic disorders
Glycosuria
glucose in the urine
Proteinuria
protein in the urine
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
Albuminuria
Albumin in the urine
Pyuria
Presence of pus in the urine
Ketonuria
Presence of ketones in the urine
Diabetes mellitus
Endocrine disorder characterized by glycosuria and hyperglycemia and results from inadequate production or use of insulin
Renal angiography
Radiographic study to assess the arterial blood supply to the kidneys
Renal arteriography
Radiographic study to assess the arterial blood supply to the kidneys
Renal arteriogram
diagnostic study performed by injecting contrast media into a renal artery to visualize the renal blood vessels.
Stenosis
Constriction or narrowing
Nephrotomography
Sectional radiographic examination of the kidneys
Nephrotomograms
images from a nephrotomography; generally been replaced by nephrosonography
Nephromalacia
Softening of the kidney
Nephromegaly
Enlargement of one or both kidneys
Nephrosonography
Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys
Nephroptosis
Prolapse of a kidney; also called floating kidney
Urolithiasis
Presence of urinary stones, found in renal pelvis or urinary bladder
Cystolithiasis
Presence of a stone or stones in the urinary bladder
Nephrolithiasis
Condition marked by the presence of kidney stones
Nephrolith
kidney stones that are also called renal calculi
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney; also called Bright disease
Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
Intravenous Urography
Radiographic technique for examining the urinary system.
Urogram
Image produced in urography
Pyelography
formally called Intravenous Urography
Pyelogram
image produced in intravenous pyelography
Cystoscopy
Examination of the urinary bladder
Cystoscope
Instrument used in cystoscopy
Urethroscopy
Visual examination of the urethra
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
Dysuria
painful urination; caused by bacterial infection or a urinary tract obstruction
Polyuria
Excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine
Diuresis
excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine
Anuria
absence of urination
Oliguria
Diminished capacity to form urine or less than 500ml of urine per day
Uremia
Toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency or renal failure
Cystocele
Bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagia
Nephrosis
Condition in which there are degenerative changes in the kidneys but no inflammation
Nephrotoxic
Destructive to kidney tissue
Polycystic kidney disease
Hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid-filled cysts throughout both kidneys
Polyp
Tumor found on a mucosal surface
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Malignant neoplasm of the kidney; kidney cancer
Renal failure
Failure of the kidney to perform its essential functions. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a critical situation
Renal Insufficiency
Reduced ability of the kidney to perform its functions
Retrograde Urography
x-ray examination of the renal pelvis and ureter after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis
Urinary incontinence
Inability to hold urine in the bladder
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the bladder
Urinary Tract Infection
an infection of the urinary tract
Voiding Cystourethrogram
Radiographic record of the bladder and urethra
Urethral Catheterization
performed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder
Ureteral Catheteriztion
Catheters are passed into the distal ends of the ureters from the bladder and threaded up the ureters into the renal pelves
Suprapubic Catheter
catheter inserted through the abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis into the urinary bladder
Percutaneous Nephrostomy
a tube is inserted on a temporary basis into the renal pelvis when a complete obstruction of the ureter is present
Hemodialysis
Kidney dialysis; dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream
Peritoneal Dialysis
Alternative to hemodialysis; Solution is introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity
Diuretic
Increasing urination or an agent that causes increased urination
Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of the donated kidney
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Removal of the kidney through several small incisions in the abdominal wall rather than an open surgical excision
Immunosuppressive Therapy
Administration of agents that significantly interfere with the immune response of the recipient
Transurethral Resection
Small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure are removed through the wall of the urethra
Prostate
A gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid
Cystectomy
excision of the bladder
cystostomy
New opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Lithotripsy
Crushing of a stone
Lithotrite
Instrument used for surgically crushing bladder stones
Extracorporeal
Pertaining to the outside of the body
Nephroscope
instrument used to examine the kidney
Nephroscopy
visual examination of the kidney
Nephrolithotomy
incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
Nephrotomy
incision into the kidney
Nephropexy
Surgical attachment of a prolapsed kidney
Nephrostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
Pyelostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the renal pelvis
Percutaneous bladder biopsy
removal of tissue from the bladder by using a needle inserted through the skin overlying the bladder; done for diagnostic purposes
Percutaneous Renal Biopsy
Removal of tissue from the kidney using needle puncture of the skin and tissue overlying the kidney
Pyelolithotomy
incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
Ureteroplasty
surgical repair of a ureter
Cystic
A genetic disorder that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive allele; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
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