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Chapter 10 - Mendel and Meiosis
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Glencoe Science Biology
Terms in this set (27)
allele
alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
crossing over
exchange of genetic material b/w nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations
diploid
cell w/ two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes
dominant
observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of trait
egg
haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis
fertilization
fusion of male and female gametes
gamete
male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
genetic recombination
major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
genetics
branch of biology that studies heredity
genotype
combination of genes in an organism
haploid
cell w/ one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid, or n, number of chromosomes
heredity
passing on of characteristics form parents to offspring
heterozygous
when there are two different alleles for a trait
homologous chromosome
paired chromosomes w/ genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
homozygous
when there are two identical alleles for a trait
hybrid
offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait
law of independent assortment
Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
law of segregation
Mendelian principle explaining that b/c each plants has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles
meiosis
type of cell division where one body cell produce four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
nondisjunction
failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes w/ too many or too few chromosomes
phenotype
outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
pollination
from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually w/in the same species
recessive
trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
sexual reproduction
pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
sperm
haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis
trait
characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive
zygote
diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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