Chapter 10 - Mendel and Meiosis

Terms in this set (27)

alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism

exchange of genetic material b/w nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations

cell w/ two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes

observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of trait

haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis

fusion of male and female gametes

male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs

genetic recombination

major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis

branch of biology that studies heredity

combination of genes in an organism

cell w/ one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid, or n, number of chromosomes

passing on of characteristics form parents to offspring

when there are two different alleles for a trait

homologous chromosome

paired chromosomes w/ genes for the same traits arranged in the same order

when there are two identical alleles for a trait

offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait

law of independent assortment

Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other

law of segregation

Mendelian principle explaining that b/c each plants has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles

type of cell division where one body cell produce four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes w/ too many or too few chromosomes

outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes

from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually w/in the same species

trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

sexual reproduction

pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells

haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis

characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive

diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg

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