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semester 1 final

Terms in this set (29)

accuracy
how close a measurement is to the true value
precision
a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
Democritus
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms
Dalton
Created the atomic theory. Said atoms are the smallest thing and you can't divide them
Bohr
Electrons have specific paths around the nucleus
Rutherford
Gold foil experiment, discovered the nucleus
Thomson
cathode ray experiment, discovered electrons
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
Aufbau Principle
states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
Hund's Rule
electrons have to spread out before occupying the same sublevel
Pauli Exclusion Principle
An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction
atomic radius
one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined
increases as you go down a group
ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom
increases as you go up and to the right
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
increases as it goes up and to the right
shielding effect
Refers to the protection of valence electrons by core electrons in inner energy levels (distance)
nuclear charge
the total charge of all the protons in the nucleus
group 1
alkali metals
group 2
alkaline earth metals
group 17
Halogens
group 18
noble gases
isoelectronic series
a series of two or more species that have identical electron configurations, but different nuclear charges
cation
A positively charged ion (looses electrons)
anion
negatively charged ion (gains electrons)
0-0.39
nonpolar covalent
0.40-1.7
polar covalent
>1.7
ionic
Red Martians Invade Venus Using X-ray Guns
-radio waves
-microwaves
-inferred
-visible light
-ultra violet
-x-ray waves
-gamma rays
intensive property
a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter (density, temperature, Hardness)
extensive property
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample (Mass, volume)
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