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pharma 4th midterm

Terms in this set (48)

Benzylpenicillin 💉
use: endocarditis, pneumonia, sepsis
Benzathinbenzylpenicillin 💉
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 💊
use: Strept.; pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media
penicillin ; narrow spectrum ; natural beta-lactase sensitive
Meticillin
Oxacillin

S.areus (MSSA), sepsis, endocarditis
penicillin ; narrow spectrum ; semi-synthetic beta-lactamase resistant
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

use: UTI (E.coli), RTI, meningitis, acute gonorrhea, 👍 pregnancy
penicillins ; aminopenicillins ; beta-lactamase sensitive
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
Amipicllin + Sulbactam
penicillins ; aminopenicillins ; beta-lactamase resistant combis
Carbenicillin

use: P.aerugenosa, UTIs, urosepsis
penicillins ; carboxypenicillins, beta lactam sensitive
Piperacillin
(broadspectrum)
use: P.aerugenosa, UTIs, urosepsis
penicillins ; ureidopenicillinl ; beta-lactamase senstive
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
penicillins ; ureidopenicillin ; beta-lactamase resistant
Cefalexin 💊
Cefadroxil 💊
Cefazolin
cephalosporins - I generation

G(-)
ADR: neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, disulfiram-like reaction, superinfection
Cefuroxime 💊
Cefamandole
Cefaclor
cephalosporins - II generation

use: RTIs
Ceftriaxone
Cefoperazone
Cefotaxime
Ceftibuten 💊
Cefixime 💊
Cefpodoxime 💊
Cefperazone + Sulbactam
cephalosporins - III generation

use: sepsis, meningitis
Cefepime
cephalosporins - IV generation

use: systemic infections
Meropenem 💉❗️
Imipenem + Cilastatin ( = dehydropeptidase inhibitor)
carbapenems

broadspectrum, anaerobes, E.coli, Klebsiella
2nd line => Reserveantibiotokum
polyinfections, meningitis
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

use: pseudomembranous enterocolitis💊, osteomyelitis, sepsis, endocarditis, septic arthritis 💉

ADR: nephro-, ototoxic, Red-man-syndrome
glycopeptides

bactericidal; inhibit cell wall synthesis g(+)
MRSA, enterococci, Streptococci, C.difficile
=> Reserveantibiotikum
Gentamicine 💉
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Neomycin

use: UTIs, urosepsis, endocarditis, peritonitis, pelvic infections, pneumonia

ADR: nephrotoxic, irreversible ototoxic, teratogenic
aminoglycosides ; natural

bactericidal; inhibit protein synth. 30S
Staphylococci, G(-), P.aeruginosa
Amikacin
aminoglycosides ; semi-synthetic
Fosfomycin

use: acute uncomplicated UTI, Staph. Osteomyelitis, reserve antibiotic (G+/-; MRSA; VRE, ESBL👍pregnancy
bactericidal antibiotic; other antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin

use: UTIs, gonorrhea, prostatitis (Enterobacter, H. influenza, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, G-)

ADR: gastrointestinal discomfort (superinfection), tendinopathy, athropathy, allergic reactions, photosensitivity, CNS symptoms reichern sich in Knochen und Knorpel an
fluoroquinolones - I. generation

DNA-gyrase inhibitors; bactericidal
Moxifloxacin
Levofloxacin

use: resp. infections, G+
fluoroquinolones - II. generation
Tetracycline

use: Clamydia infections (atypical pneumonia, urethritis), Mycoplasma infections (atypic. pneum., prostatitis), Rickettsia infect. (Rockymountain spotted fever, Lyme Dis., Brucelliosis, Anthrax, Cholera

ADR: GI disturances, photosensitivity, irreversible discoloration of teeth, enamel dysplasia (children), nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, 👎pregnancy
tetracyclines, natural

bacteriostatic; 30S
Doxycycline

use: chronic peridonitis
tetracyclines; semi-synthetic
Chloramphenicol

use: typhus, life-threatening meningitis

ADR: idiopathic aplastic anemia, "Gray-baby-syndrome"
amphenicols

bacteriostatic, 50S
Erythromycin
spiramycin + metronidazole = Rodogyl

use: atypical pneumonia, diphtheria, UTIs, Legionnaire´s disease, MAC&toxoplasmosis in AIDS, PUD
macrolides - I generation
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Midecamycin
Roxithromycin

use: common RTIs, alternative in patients allergic to penicillin
👍pregnancy
ADR: ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, GI disturbances
macrolides - II generation

bacteriostatic; 50S
Clindamycin
Lincomycin

use: staph. osteomyelitis, pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS, anaerobic infections; G+, anaerobes (incl. fragilis), pneumocystis jiroveci

ADR: pseudomembranous colitis, hypersensitivity reactions, esophagitis, neutropenia
lincosamides
bacteriostatic, 50S
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim = Co-trimoxazole
Sulfonamides - with systemic effect

ADR: GI disturbances, hypersensitivity reactions, hematologic disorders, kernicterus, hyperkalemia
Sulfasalazine
sulfonamides - with local effect; in GIT

use: chronic ulcerative colitis
Sulfathiazole
sulfonamides - with local effect; in dermal use
Linezolid

use: MRSA, vancomycin-resistant S.aureus, enterococci infections

ADR: thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome /w SSRI
Oxazolidinones

bacteriostatic; 50S
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Nitroimidazoles (antianaerobic antimicrobial drug)
Amphotericin B
Caspofungin
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat systemic mycoses - antibiotics
Fluconazole
Ketoconazole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat systemic mycoses - synthetic drugs; azoles
Flucytosine
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat systemic mycoses - synthetic drugs ; antimetabolites
Nystatin
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat superficial mycoses ; antibiotics
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Clotrimazole
Econazole
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat superficial mycoses ; synthetic drugs - azoles
Naftifine
Terbinafine
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat superficial mycoses ; synthetic drugs - allilamines
Ciclopirox olamine
Salicyclic acid
antifungal drugs; drugs used to treat superficial mycoses ; synthetic drugs - others
Rifampicin
Isoazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
drugs for TB - 1st line drugs
Streptomycin
Clarithromycin
Fuoroquinolones
drugs for TB - 2nd line drugs
Aciclovir👍pregnancy
Valaciclovir
drugs for HSV and VZV infections
Amantadine
Rimantadine
anti-influenza drugs ; inhibitors of viral uncoating
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
anti-influenza drugs ; neuraminidase inhibitors
Zidovudine 👍pregnancy
Lamivudine
antiretroviral drugs (used in HIV infect) - reverse transcriptase inhibitors ; nucleoside drugs (NRTIs)
Efavirenz
Nevirapine 👍pregnancy
antiretroviral drugs (used in HIV infect) - reverse transcriptase inhibitors ; non-nucleoside drugs (NNRTIs)
Ritonavir
Indinavir
antiretroviral drugs (used in HIV infect) - protease inhibitors
Enfuviritide
Maraviroc
antiretroviral drugs (used in HIV infect) - fusion inhibitors
Raltegravir
antiretroviral drugs (used in HIV infect) - integrase inhibitor
Ribavirin
Lamivudine
antihepatitis drugs - antimetabolites
Interferon alfa-2a
Interferon alfa-2b
Peginterferon alfa-2a
Peginterferon alfa-2b
antihepatitis drugs - interferons
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