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Amino Acids - Structure, full name, & acidity

Terms in this set (21)

GLY
GLY - Glycine
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
ALA
ALA - Alanine
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
Tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins, stabilizing protein structure via hydrophobic interactions.
PRO
PRO - Proline
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
VAL
VAL - Valine
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
Tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins, stabilizing protein structure via hydrophobic interactions.
***ESSENTIAL
LEU
LEU - Leucine
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
Tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins, stabilizing protein structure via hydrophobic interactions.
***ESSENTIAL
ILE
ILE - Isoleucine
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
***ESSENTIAL
***Chiral side chain
Tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins, stabilizing protein structure via hydrophobic interactions.
MET
MET - Methionine
Nonpolar, aliphatic R Groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
***ESSENTIAL
PHE
PHE - Phenylalanine
Aromatic R groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
***ESSENTIAL
TYR
TYR - Tyrosine
Aromatic R groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
**pKr(-OH): 10.07
The hydroxyl group can form hydrogen bonds and plays an important functional role in some enzymes
Phosphorylation or Adenylation by ATP for reversible covalent modification enzyme regulation
TRP
TRP - Tryptophan
Aromatic R groups:
pK1(-COOH): ~2.34 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.60
***ESSENTIAL
***LOWEST OCCURRENCE IN PROTEINS
SER
SER - Serine
Polar, uncharged R groups: H bonds with water
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
Phosphorylation by ATP for reversible covalent modification enzyme regulation
THR
THR - Threonine
Polar, uncharged R groups: H bonds with water
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
***Chiral side chain
Phosphorylation by ATP for reversible covalent modification enzyme regulation
CYS
CYS - Cysteine
Polar, uncharged R groups: H bonds with water
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
** pK3 (-SH): 8.18
**Pairs of cysteines can oxidize through a disulfide bonds to form cystine, which is non-polar and strongly hydrophobic.
ASN
ASN - Asparagine
Polar, uncharged R groups: H bonds with water
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
GLN
GLN - Glutamine
Polar, uncharged R groups: H bonds with water
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
LYS
LYS - Lysine
Positively charged R groups - Basic
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
**pK3 (-NH3+): 10.53
***HIGHEST OCCURRENCE IN PROTEINS
Acetylation by (acetyl-coA) or ubiquitination for reversible covalent modification enzyme regulation
ARG
ARG - Arginine
Positively charged R groups - Basic
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
**pK3 (=NH2+): 6.00
HIS
HIS - Histidine
Positively charged R groups - Basic
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
**pK3 (-NH): 12.48
**His is the only amino acid with an ionizable side chain that has a pKa near neutrality. Therefore, His can serve as a proton donor or acceptor in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Phosphorylation by ATP for reversible covalent modification enzyme regulation
ASP
ASP - Aspartate
Negatively charged R groups - Acidic
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
**pK3 (-COOH): 3.65
** Second carboxyl group with a net negative charge at pH 7.0.
GLU
GLU - Glutamate
Negatively charged R groups - Acidic
pK1(-COOH): ~2.1 and pK2(-NH3+): ~9.3
**pK3 (-COOH): 4.25
** Second carboxyl group with a net negative charge at pH 7.0.
Essential Amino Acids
The Whole Food Ladder Must Have Various Key Ingredients
threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, methionine, histidine, valine, lysine, and isoleucine.
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...