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History VWA gr 9

Terms in this set (34)

India
2nd most populous country 1.2 billion
economy is fast growing since 1991(service jobs)
poverty and illiteracy remain
new about India
independence from great britain since 1947
nuclear state since 1998
the rise of "Bollywood", India film industry (bombay + Hollywood)
characteristics
7th largest country geography
7,000 miles of coastline
great biodiversity
impact of geography of india on development
isolation; mountains and seas
distinct culture
monsoons affect on Indian life
monsoons are seasonal winds that bring life giving water during half the year
how did scholars learned about indians 1st civilization
1. discovery of 4500 year old cities
2. text such as Vedas
3. epics of ancient Aryans
india's early civilization
located in the Indus River valley
Mohenjo Daro and Harappa = twin cities
formed 2600 BC not discovered till 1920's
well - planned cities, grid streets, and sewers
similar = 3 miles circumference and hilltops
Indus civilization
by 1900 BC mysterious disappeared
only records are illustrated seals
Aryan civilization
2000 BC waves of light - skinned nomadic warriors swept onto subcontinent
Indo = europeans led by Rajahs chiefs
conquered locals
learn about Aryan civilization
through the Vedas, a collection of religious teachings
Aryan social structure
based on occupation
priests, warriors, farmers/herders/merchants, laborers (non-Aryan Sudras)
Aryan religious beliefs
polytheistic at first
then belief in a single spiritual power called Brahman
led to mystics (communications with the divine)
yoga meditation
acculturation
blending of 2 or more cultures
many kingdoms came together to form Aryan culture of India
oral tradition
later Sanskrit = written language
lessons of Mahabharata
lessons of Mahabharata epic poem
battle for the Ganges region
long poem ever (2x Iliad)
history, myth, adventure, religion mix
major religions of india
hindu (83%)
islam (Pakistan)
christian
sikhs
Buddhist (.7%)
jain
Ganesh, son o god Shiva
Hindu religion
complex, diverse religion with many gods
no specific founder
blended Aryan gods with local ones
3 most important gods
Brahman, all powerful force unites all and appears in many forms
Vishnu = preserver god
shiva = destroyer god
ultimate goal for Hindus
Moksha = union with Brahman achieved by freeing oneself from selfish desires
why is reincarnation necessary to achieve Moksha
rebirth of soul in another body gives chance to live a better life
3 ways to help achieve goal
karma, actions of life (virtue = good karma)
dharma, religious / moral duties that vary by class
Ahimsa, non violence
all help to acquire peace
Jainism
a form of Hinduism developed around 500 BC
practices extreme ahimsa
.5% of Indians today
"cast system"
4 social groups embraced by Hindus (born into / rarely changes)
lower groups treated harshly and view as impure, given unpleasant jobs, segregated
the untouchables (Dalits) are lower than these groups (15% of population)
you can change your casts, in your next life, if duties are now fulfilled
characteristics of Hinduism
no known founder
millions of god
no single sacred text
goal is Mosha
cast system
sacrifice
(look at venn diagram)
who is Buddha
buddha = "the enlightened one" Siddharatha Gutama; dedicated life to ending suffering
followers, called Buddhists, seek enlightenment
what is nirvana
union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth
how achiever?
4 noble truths
8 fold path
how are moksha and nirvana similar
both are goals for their religion
achieved y proper action
end cycle of reincarnation
how did buddhism spread and split
followers carried it across Asia
2 sects developed
1st unification; The Maurya dynasty in north only
Chadragupta Maurya 321 to 185 BC conquered Ganges area created effective bureaucracy
enforced harsh laws
Asoka
was Chardragupta's grandson who conquered Kalinga
How was Asoka's rule different
Asokoa converted to Buddhism
rejected violence after witnessing slaughter
ended conquest
united people/ sent missionaries
builds "rock edicts" pillar with moral messages places throughout empire
how did the dynasty end
Asoka's death around 185 BC ended unity
2nd dynasty; The Gupta Dynasty the golden age
golden age of india 320 - 540 AD
Gupta united much of india but left most power to local rulers
cities, arts, trade and economy flourished
learning thrived - Arabic number are really Indian
Indian society
several generations lived together
Patriarchy! Women lost rights over time
windows joined husbands on funeral fires
three reasons Indian empire fell
weak leaders
civil war
Huns invaded
Verified questions
literature
Both Pepys and Defoe use gerunds, verb forms that end in -*ing* and function as nouns. Do not mistake gerunds for participles, which also end in -*ing* but serve as verbs and adjectives. **Gerund**: In the dark, the wailing continued.\ In your notebook, identify the gerund in the sentence or write none if there is no gerund. "The rank s of the dead and dying were swelling daily".
Verified answer
literature
The letters *ui* can represent several different sounds: long *i (guide),* short *i **(biscuit),* *oo (fruit),* or *wi (languish)*. For the given following, give a word spelled with *ui* that matches the definition.\ a set of formal clothes (s_)
Verified answer
question
When did Alexander the Great conquer Jerusalem?
Verified answer
question
Despite loathing slavery, Lincoln embraced emancipation as a war objective late and with great caution. Why?
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