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Science Mid-Term Exam

Terms in this set (68)

Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Volume
The amount of space that matter occupies
Mass
The measurement of how much matter it contains
density
The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume.
inertia
The property of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force
Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flow
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
pressure
The force of its outward push divided by flows from the area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
Solution
The best mixed of all possible mixtures
Solute
The smaller percent of the solution and is what is being dissolved chemicals
solvent
The larger percent of the solution and is what does the dissolving
solubility
A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
heterogeneous
A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily
homogeneous
A mixture with evenly divided amount of elements in it
compound
Is a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined
mixture
Consists of two or more substances that are in the same place but are not chemically combined
precipitate
A solid that forms from a solution in a chemical reaction
element
Some pure substances cannot be broken down into other substances by any physical or chemical means
atom
The smallest particle of an element
suspension
Is a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
dilute
Has only a little solute dissolved in the solvent
concentrated
Has more solute dissolved in the solvent
saturated
When a solution can not dissolve any more solute
unsaturated
If you can continue to dissolve more solute into a solution
supersaturated
If you increase the temperature of a saturated solution it will allow it to dissolve more solute
corrosive
Eat away or break down
indicator
Litmus and pH paper, Indicates weather it is a acid or base
neutralization
Bases do react with acids
crystal
Regular repeating internal pattern
amorphous solid
Molecules arranged randomly, that can be bent or moved
Characteristics to Describe Matter
1.) Color
2.) Taste
3.) Size
4.) Weight
5.) Texture
6.) Smell
7.) Sound
8.) Density
9.) Mass
10.) Volume
Can Matter Change Properties?
Yes
The 3 main properties of matter.
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
characteristic properties
Properties of a substance that never change
Boiling point
Temperature at which a liquid boils. 100 Celsius.
Freezing/Melting point
The temperature at which a liquid melts or freezes. Liquid melts if it is frozen and it freezes if it is a liquid. 0 Celsius.
Physical Changes
When physical characteristics of the material change but the composition does not
Chemical Changes
Changes in the chemical identity of matter, a new chemical exists after the change
Pure Substances
Elements and compounds
Solutions
Mixtures that are the best mixed
What is used to Measure Mass
Grams or Kilograms
What is used to Measure Volume
Length x Width x Height (cm to the third, liters, or milliliters)
What is used to Measure Density
Mass divided by volume
Charles's Law
The relation between volume and temp. -- ++
Boyle's Law
The relation between volume and pressure at a constant temp. -+ +-
The Law of Conversation of Mass
the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed
Solid
One of the 3 states of matter. Definite shape and volume.
Liquid
One of the 3 states of matter. Definite volume but not shape.
Gas
One of the 3 states of matter. No definite volume or shape.
Crystaline solid
A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
pH level
A measure of alkalinity or acidity.
Strong acid
pH level of 0-2
Strong base
pH level of 12-14
Neutral pH
pH level of 7
Weak Acid
pH level of 5-6
Weak Base
pH level of 8-9
general properties
A property that describes how matter is the same. Mass, density, weight, volume.
specific properties
A property that describes how matter is different. .color, size, odor, texture, taste, luster.
Acid
Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water
Base
any substance that produces hydroxide ions in water
Effects of Solutes on Boiling/Freezing Points
Raise the boiling points and lower the freezing points
Is melting/freezing point a chemical or physical property?
Physical
Solid to Liquid
melting
Liquid to solid
freezing
Solid to Gas
sublimation
Gas to Solid
deposition
Liquid to gas
vaporization
Gas to Liquid
condensation
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