Genetics, DNA, and Mutations

Terms in this set (25)

An organism's genetic code, or allele combinations. Represented by letters

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

Different forms of a gene

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait, ex. Gg

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait, ex. GG or gg

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

deoxyribonucleic acid, holds specific code for your body

A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Adenine (A) pairs with

Cytosine (C) pairs with

building blocks of proteins

Chains of amino acids, allow the body to perform and function

DNA replication

the process of making a copy of DNA, final result is 2 identical daughter strands

rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information

Humans have ___ pairs of chromosomes

Humans have ___ chromosomes

deletion mutation

a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene

substitution mutation

a mutation in which one nitrogeneous base (nucleotide) is changed to another

insertion mutation

a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene

frameshift mutation

involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence, cause s the "reading" of the genetic message to be shifted

a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid

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