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Rocks and Minerals

Terms in this set (25)

Lithosphere
the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Rock
A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
Rock Cycle
sequence of events in which rocks are formed, destroyed, altered, and reformed by geological processes (a process where one rock type changes into another).
Minerals
Inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth.
Sedimentary Rock
A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
Igneous rock
A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
Metamorphic Rock
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
Intrusive Rock
Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.
Extrusive Rock
Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface
Properties
characteristics used to describe a substance
Mohs Hardness Scale
a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals
Luster
the way a mineral reflects light from its surface
Streak
The color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard rough surface
Weathering
The process by which natural forces break down rocks and minerals.
Erosion
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
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