ch 19 hematologic

Terms in this set (39)

complex aqueous liquid containing a variety of organic and inorganic elements. accounts for 50%-55% of blood volume.

is plasma that has been allowed to clot in the lab in order to remove fibrinogen and other clotting factors

(about 60% of total plasma protein) Function as carriers and control the plasma oncotic
pressure

Carrier proteins and immunoglobulins (antibodies)

clotting factors

promote coagulation and stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels. mainly fibrinogen.

erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Most abundant cell in the body, Responsible for tissue oxygenation, Biconcavity and reversible deformity, 120-day life cycle

leukocytes (white blood cells)

Defend the body against infection and remove debris

Membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm, The granules contain enzymes capable of destroying
microorganisms, Inflammatory and immune functions, Capable of ameboid movement (diapedesis)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) Phagocytes in early inflammation

Eosinophils ingest antigen-antibody complexes, Induced by IgE hypersensitivity, Increase in parasitic infections

Structurally and functionally similar to mast cells

Central cell in inflammation, Release histamine, Found in vascularized connective tissue

Agranulocytes; monocytes

immature macrophages

mature to T cells, B cells, and plasma

kill some types of tumor cells and some virus infected cells without prior exposure

Disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments, Essential for blood coagulation and control of
bleeding

thrombopoietin (TPO)

main regulator of platelets

Largest secondary lymphoid organ. Splenic pulp- masses of lymphoid tissue containing macrophages and lymphoid tissue
Venous sinuses- phagocytosis of old, damaged, and dead blood cells, Blood storage: 300m

Facilitate maturation of lymphocytes, transport lymphatic fluid back to the circulation, cleanse the lymphatic fluid of microorganisms and
foreign particles

mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)

The MPS consists of a line of cells that
originate in the bone marrow, are transported into the bloodstream, differentiate into monocytes, and settle in the tissues as mature macrophages, cells of the MPS ingest and destroy
microorganisms and foreign material, the MPS is mostly the liver and spleen

Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell
production. has two stages: 1)Mitosis- mitosis stops before the cell enters the peripheral blood 2)Maturation and differentiation

Also called myeloid tissue, Red (active) and yellow (inactive) bone marrow, Adult active bone marrow areas; Pelvic bones (34%) Vertebrae Cranium and mandible Sternum and ribs Humerus Femur

stem cell system

Pluripotent stem cells, Colony-stimulating factors, Marginating storage pools- Primarily consist of neutrophils

hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production

Erythrocytes are derived from erythroblasts
(normoblasts), Maturation is stimulated by erythropoietin, Erythropoietin causes an increase in red cell production and release from bone marrow

proerythroblasts

committed into producing cells of the erythroid series

eliminates most intracellular structures

contains mesh like network of ribosomal RNA

oxygen carrying protein of the erythrocyte, hemoglobin packed blood cells take up oxygen in the lungs and exchange it for CO2 in the tissues. A single erythrocyte can contain as many as 300 hemoglobin molecules

large flat iron disk that can carry one molecule of oxygen.

a complex four ringed molecule is produced and bound with ferrous iron. crucial that iron must be correctly charged.

a glycoprotein synthesized primarily by the liver but also by tissue macrophages, submaxillary and mammary glands and ovaries/testes.

means arrest of bleeding

role of platelets

1) Contribute to regulation of blood flow into a damaged
site
2) Initiate platelet-to-platelet interactions resulting in
formation of a platelet plug
3) Activate the coagulation (or clotting) cascade
4) Initiate repair processes, including clot retraction and
clot dissolution (fibrinolysis)

intrinsic pathway

Activated when factor XII (Hageman factor) contacts
subendothelial substances exposed by vascular injury

extrinsic pathway

Activated when tissue factor (TF) (tissue
thromboplastin) is released by damaged endothelial cells

fibrinolytic system

Plasminogen and plasmin, Fibrin degradation products

Fragment D-dimer; Fibrin Degradation Fragment
• D-dimer tests are used to help rule out the presence of an inappropriate blood clot (thrombus). Some of the conditions that the D-dimer test is used to help rule out include:
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) • Pulmonary embolism (PE)

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