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Chem. Midterm Review

Terms in this set (40)

Metal
Shiny, good conductor of heat and electricity, most are solid at room temperature, malleable, ductile, grayish or white luster.
Malleable
The ability to be drawn out or beaten into a sheet.
Ductile
The ability to be hammered thin or drawn out into a wire.
Density
How tightly packed the molecules in an object wre; the ratio of mass to volume (Mass (grams)/Volume (centimeters cubed)).
Chemistry
The study of matter interacts with matter.
Reactant
The substance(s) that go into a chemical reaction.
Product
The substance(s) that come out of a chemical reaction.
Heterogenous
A mixture whose composition is not uniform (ex: vegetable soup, salad, tea with lemons, etc.).
Homogenous
(Also called a solution) A mixture whose composition is uniform (ex: coffee; water, etc.).
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded (ex: sand, poppy seed lab).
Gas
A form of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; measure by pressure.
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds (ex: water, carbon dioxide).
Liquid
A state of matter that does not have a definite but does have a definite volume; its particularly flow; measured in Liters it Milliliters.
Plasma
Ionized gas (ex: fire).
Physical Property
A property that won't change identity of a substance (ex: freezing point, density, color).
Solid
Definite state and volume and very dense.
Chemical Property
A property that will change the identity of the substance (ex: burning).
Weight
A measure of the gravitational force/pull exerted on an object; measured in Newton's.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, made up of protons (positive), electrons (negative), and neutrons (neutral) (also known as a pure substance).
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object; measured in grams or kilograms.
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of the element.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Catalyst
Something that speeds up a chemical reaction.
Main Group Elements
Elements in the s-block or p-block (groups 1, 2, 13-18).
Polar Covalent
An unequal sharing of electrons (ex: water).
Metallic Bonding
A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them (sea of electrons).
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals made for strength or durability.
Polyatomic Molecule
An ion made of two or more atoms (page 226).
Octet Rule
Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons with other elements in order to fill their outer shell with eight valence electrons (Helium and Hydrogen are the exception).
Chemical Formula
A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance, has subscripts.
Molecule
A substance with a covalent bond (ex: sugar).
Covalent Bond
A substance with a covalent bond.
Ionic Bond
A transfer of electrons.
Ion
A charged ion, gains or loses electrons.
Orbital
A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons, there's different shapes.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Elements in group 2 of the periodic table, stronger than group 1, can be soft, plus 2 (gives electrons away), conductors.
Noble Gases
Elements in group 18 of the periodic table, stable (full outer shell), doesn't react unless we make them react.
Halogens
Elements in group 17 of the periodic table, become minus 1 ions, most are gases, combine with element in group 1 and 2 to make salts.
Alkali Metals
Elements in group 1 of the periodic table, react violently with water, are soft.
Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.
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