Day 1: Cardiovascular System

compartments of the thoracic cavity
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Terms in this set (21)
compartments of the thoracic cavity
mediastinum, 2 pleural cavities, and pericardial cavities
pericardial fluid in heart wall
5-30 mL
Heart wall includes the
epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
epicardium
simple squamos epithelium over a thin layer of areolar tissue, in some places includes thick layer of adipose tissue; largest branches of coronary blood vessels travel through it
myocardium
cardiac muscle; varies in thickness
endocardium
similar to epicardium but no adipose tissue; covers valve surfaces
cardiomyocytes
require "helper" cells called cardiac fibroblasts (ignored for a long time in science but now being looked at closer), which comprise as much as 60% of all cells present in the human heart
spiral orientation of muscle tissue
due to the fact that when the heart contracts it does a twisting or ringing motion
atroventricular valves
regulate the openings between the atria and ventricles.
Right AV valve
One of the AV valves. Has three cusps. Also called the Tricuspid valve
Left AV valveOne of the AV valves. has two cusps. Also called the Bicuspid valve.semilunar valvesregulate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the great arteriespulmonary valvesone of the semilunar valves. controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunkaortic valveone of the semilunar valves. controls the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta.right and left atriathin-walled receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart by way of the great veinsright and left ventriclesthe pumps that eject blood into the arteries and keep it flowing around the bodyfibrous skeleton of the heartframework of collagenous and elastic fibers of heart. tissue especially concentrated in the walls between the heart chambers, in fibrous around the valves, and in the sheets of tissue that interconnect these ringschordae tendineae's connection to the papillary musclesprevent the AV valves from flipping inside out or bulging into the atria when the ventricles contractfunctions of fibrous skeleton of heartprovides structural support, reinforces the myocardium internally, structure for muscle to pull against, elastic recoil may aid in ventricular filling. NON-CONDUCTIVE- INSULATES ATRIA FROM VENTRICLESatrioventricular valvesregulate the openings between the atria and ventricles. Valves do not open and close by any muscular effort of their own. the cusps are simply pushed open and closed by changes in blood pressure that occur as the heart chambers contract and relaxcuspsEach valve consists of two or three of these fibrous flaps of tissue which are covered by endocardium