Operating Systems: Crash Course Computer Science #18

Operating System (OS)
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Terms in this set (16)
Operating System (OS)
System software that provides an interface between the user or application program and the computer hardware.
batch processing
Instead of the manual task of loading programs by hand the computers could be given batches. When the computer was done with one, it would automatically and near-instantly start the next.
peripherals
An input device, output device, or secondary storage device that is not part of the central processing unit (CPU)
device driver
A software program that provides the instructions your computer needs to communicate with a device, such as a scanner.
I/O
input and output
Atlas Supervisor
The program which managed the allocation of processing resources of Manchester University's Super Computer so that the machine was able to act on many tasks and user programs concurrently.
The challenge of having many programs running simultaneously on a single computer is that each one is going to need some
memory, and we can't lose that program's data when we switch to another program. The solution is to allocate each program its own block of memory.
Virtual Memory
Space on a hard disk or other storage device that simulates random access memory.
dynamic memory allocation
Allocates memory during runtime.
Memory Protection
Prevents one process from affecting the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of another.
Time-sharingEach individual user was only allowed to utilize a small fraction of the computer's processor, memory, and so on.UnixAn operating system originally conceived in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie of AT&T's Bell Labs.kernelUnix operating system core functionality of the OS, things like memory management, multitasking, and dealing with I/Okernel panicA Linux or OS X error from which it cannot recover, similar to a blue screen of death in Windows.Microsoft's Disk Operating System, or MS-DOSWas just 160 kilobytes, allowing it to fit, as the name suggests, onto a single disk. Though it lacked multitasking and protected memory.blue screen of deathAn error condition in which a PC "freezes" and displays a black screen (blue screen prior to Windows Vista); usually turning the computer off and turning it on again clears the error