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Unit 5/VOCAB Test

Terms in this set (41)

Solid
such as ice (frozen water) or aluminum cans
liquid
such as water or Iodine
Gas
such as a cloud (water vapor..."vapor means gas) or helium
plasma
such as found in the composition of stars and sun
kinetic theory
states that the "states" of matter are defined by the kinetic (moving) ability of the composing atoms
absolute zero
defined as the temperature at which all kinetic movements ceases within atoms/molecules
expansion
can the atoms/molecules "expand" their given "space"
fluidity
this refers to the attractive forces between atoms/molecules and the ease of movement past one another
density
this refers to how close the atoms/molecules are to each other
compressibility
can the atoms/molecules be moved closer to each other
diffusion
the ability of atoms/molecules to 'mix' together over time
effusion
the ability of a gas to move through a tiny pore/hole in another substance
crystalline solid
these substances possess atoms/molecules that are arranged in a repeating, orderly, geometric pattern
amorphous solid
these substances posses atoms/molecules that are randomly arranged (ex: glass, lava, and plastics)
Supercool liquid
these substances look solid, but can flow (ex: lava, molten steel, molten glass)
cohesion
molecules binding to like molecules
adhesion
molecules binding to some other substance
surface tension
...
evaporation
"escaping" of surface atoms/molecules of a liquid to the atmosphere (liquid to gas)
capillary action
adhesive attraction that exists between a liquid's atoms/molecules and a solid container's surface
Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes
V1/N1 = V2/N2
elastic collisions
collisions between gas particles and/or between particles and the container walls
ideal gas constant
PV=nRT
Know the factors that affect the rate of diffusion
temperature, mass, size of the container, agitation
barometer
An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
equilibrium
both pressure in the tube and the atmospheric pressure are equal
manometer
instrument used to measure the pressure of gas
effusion
A process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
boiling
process of a liquid going to a gas with the gaining of KE (heat)
vaporization
same as boiling (no bubbling)
boiling point
a critical point where liquid and gas are at equilibrium at 1 atm
sublimation
a process of a solid going straight to a gas
deposition
process of a gas going straight to a solid
phase
any part of a complete system that possesses information about composition and properties for that specific part
phase diagram
a graph of one condition vs another conditions that shows the conditions under which that "state" of matter can exist
critical points
an important variable value at which "states of matter" begin to change from one "state" to a different "state"
triple points
this specific single points indicated the critical temperature and critical pressure at which the "states" solid, liquid, and gas (vapor) of a substance all co-exist at equilibrium
freezing
the process of a liquid going to a solid with the loss of KE (heat)
melting
the process of a solid going to a liquid with the gaining of KE
melting point
a critical point where solid and liquid are at equilibrium at 1 atm
condensation
the process of gas going to a liquid with the loss of KE (heat)
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...