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Gravity
Terms in this set (62)
"working tapes" of instructions that are carried to the ribosomes are?
mRNA molecules
Proteins are an excellent mechanism by which genetic information is expressed because unlike sugars, lipids, and nucleotides, proteins:
can be structural or catalytic molecules or may be involved in cell-cell communication
DNA controls protein synthesis by:
encoding amino acid sequence
proteins are synthesized from less complex organic molecules know as
amino acids
mRNA carries the genetic code of DNA because
the mRNA has a sequence exactly complementary to the DNA
which of the following is not a rep. of known types of rna molecules?
pRNA
the sequence of nucleotides in a mRNA molecule is determined by the
the sequence of nucleotides in a dna molecule
in a cell, the transfer of genetic material information for DNA to RNA occurs in the
nucleus
the enzyme that initiates the first stage of transcription is
RNA polymerase
the DNA code for an amino acid consists of a sequence of
3 nitrogen bases
how did scientists determine that using single and double nitrogen bases for the codes of amino acids would NOT be sufficient?
scientists knew that there were 20 different amino acids and therefore at lest three bases were needed
which sequence is correct for a gene on DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule?
attachment of RNA polymerase to DNA, initiation of synthesis, elongation of RNA, termination of synthesis and release of the transcript
African violet leaves can be used to clone any other African violet plant tissue. this is evidence that
all African violet cells have the DNA necessary to form the many different RNA molecules needed for plant enzyme reproduction
the specific protein produced in a cell is directly related to the
nucleotide sequence in the DNA molecule
The production of proteins is directed by the DNA because it is the template for:
all of the above
The site for the production of most enzymes in the cell are the:
ribosomes
is the ribosome reused in the protein synthesis?
yes, it seperates into its subunits and is ready to be reused
if a mutation occurs in a segment of a DND molecule, it is reasonable to conclude that
The complimetary RNA strand will also be changed.
viruses
replicate, but are not considered to be alive
The specific protein produced in a cell is directly related to the
nuclotide sequence in the DNA molecule
Which molecules contain ribose
RNA
DNA controls protein synthesis by
encoding the amino acid sequence
In general, viral replication involves
production of viral proteins and assembly of viral particles within a host cell
though a genetic code codes for all aspects of a protein's structure, it codes directly only for
primary structure
Proteins are composed of amino acids.
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
neither DNA nor RNA
the direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is
DNA to mRNA to protein
a retrovirus differs for a DNA virus because the retrovirus
forms DNA from its RNA template
for what type of product does an intron code?
non functional product
Which molecules are capable of duplicating themselves in plants and animals?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
DNA
Gene expression begins with
RNA synthesis
Genes act by directing the synthesis of
proteins
The transfer type has a single code word.
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
RNA
The protein has a great potential for variation of structure because:
many amino acids may combine in a number of ways
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
mRNA, tRNA, both, or neither
tRNA only
African violet leaves can be used to clone any other African violet plant tissue. This is evident that:
all African violet cells have the DNA necessary to form the many different RNA molecules needed for plant enzyme production
which molecules contain thymine?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
DNA molecules
which molecules contain cytosine?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA molecules
why is the RNA in the cytoplasm much smaller than the RNA in the nucleus?
noncoding regions of RNA are removed in the nucleus
which molecules are found in the nucleus of a cell
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA
which molecules are assumed to be a double helix?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
DNA molecules
which molecules are composed of a specific amino acid sequence?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
neither DNA nor RNA
this is the code that inherits genetic info in most cells
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
DNA molecules
this code may be affected by mutations
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA
Which molecules are found mainly in the nucleus of the cell?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA
Which molecules are chains of nucleotides?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA
the purpose of the signal sequence found in many proteins is
to identify proteins for transport to the endoplasmic reticulum and eventually for transport to the site of function
Reverse transcription is a process that has been found in which organisms?
only retroviruses
the function of tRNA molecules is to
transport amino acids to mRNA
Which molecules contain uracil?
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
RNA molecules
What can bind to DNA sequences and control gene expressions?
proteins
Where does translation take place?
ribosomes
Three nucleotides, when taken together, represent a hereditary code.
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA
the specific protein produced in a cell is directly related to the:
nucleotide sequence in the dna molecule
one would most likely find introns in:
cloned african violet leaf tissues
for what type of product does an intorn code?
no function product
why is the RNA in the cytosol much smaller than the RNA in the nucleus?
non-coding regions of RNA are removed in the nucleus
what carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
mRNA only
what statement is true?
many newly synthesized proteins must be chemically modified in order to become functional
The code alphabet seems to consist of four letters, or nucleotides.
DNA, RNA, both, or neither?
both DNA and RNA
if a mutatin occurs in a segment of a dna molecule, it is reasonable to conclude that:
the complementary rna would also be altered
given this sequence of dna, aacgtacgaacgccc, you know that the correct reading of this sequence begins with the first A. if the 2nd A is lost during transcvription to mrna, you know that:
the reading frame has shifted from frame 1 to 2
Which molecules control hereditary instructions in animals, plants, and most protists?
DNA molecules
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