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Police Administration - Chapter 13

Terms in this set (51)

According to Hans Selye, which statement about stress is most accurate?
Many stressful events do not threaten people, but provide them with pleasurable challenges.
Selye has formulated what he calls the General Adaptation Syndrome to describe how the biological level of stress can incapacitate an individual. Which statement is not part of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
Insistence.
Most people adjust their behavior to daily stress according to their adaptive range. At the high end of the range, when a person encounters an extremely demanding situation, his or her first reaction is usually:
Anxiety.
A type A personality type exhibits all of the following characteristics except:
Friendly and easy-going.
Which of the following was not ranked in the top five police stressors by Violanti and Aron?
Felony in progress.
According to a study completed by Violanti and Aron, the most potent stressor indicated by police officers was:
the killing of someone in the line of duty.
Alcohol related problems among police officers manifest themselves in a number of ways. Which is not usually one of the ways?
Assaulting their wives and children.
Which of the following was not a benefit indicated by the Denver Police Department with its alcohol rehabilitation program?
There was a reduction in police officer domestic violence.
A national study of drug abuse by police officers revealed that what percentage of officers had serious drug problems?
10
Adverse effects of anabolic steroid use by women include:
Higher-pitched voice.
Which of the following is an indicator of Suicide by Cop?
He generally comes from a middle-class background.
Which of the following is not a common characteristic associated with critical incident stress?
It often leads to police officer suicide.
Which of the following is not accurate as it relates to police officer domestic violence?
There are no guidelines in the pre-employment screening and investigation of police applicants to assist in determining whether they are prone to engaging in domestic violence.
Which of the following is most accurate regarding employee assistance programs?
The growth of assistance programs in law enforcement can be traced back to the early 1950s.
Which of the following is the most common method that officers use to commit suicide?
Service weapon.
When should supervisors schedule interviews with officers?
a. When they appear depressed.
b. When they are discouraged.
c. When they appear anxious.
d. All of the above.
All of the above
A study by Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman determined sources of work satisfaction for police officers. The contribution that appeared most valued is:
Calls involving citizens who are manifestly helpless
A warning sign that may indicate a likelihood of violent behavior includes which of the following?
a. Frequent tardiness.
b. Use of force in arrest situations.
c. Verbal disputes.
d. All of the above.
All of the above
Programs made available by employers to help employees having personal or occupational difficulties are known as:
Employee assistance programs.
All of the following are common symptoms of PTSD except:
Temporary blindness.
Although precise figures are not available to substantiate a high incidence of alcoholism among police officers, police officials have reported informally that as many as ____________% of the officers in their respective departments have serious alcohol problems.
25
Departments need to provide officers and their families ____________ avenues of support and assistance before an incident of domestic violence occurs.
Non-punitive.
The selection of officers for drug testing must be truly ____________ and part of a clearly articulated drug testing policy.
Random.
Although not physically addicting, steroids can cause ____________ dependence.
Psychological.
During the ____________, hormonal defenses break down, and many emotional reactions may reappear, often in intensified form.
Exhaustion stage.
Typical ____________ are often agitated and depressed when not working.
Workaholics.
Studies of police departments have revealed that ____________ are more common among older officers and are related to alcoholism, physical illness, or impending retirement.
Suicides.
Officers cite two sources of satisfaction that have to do with ____________. One focused on the solidarity and loyalty of the police force, the other on relationships with partners and other work associates.
Peer-group support.
Police departments must make it clear to all officers that the department has a ____________ policy
Zero tolerance.
Police officers are encouraged to eliminate or reduce stress by engaging in ____________, such as exercise and medication.
Stress inoculation activities
Describe the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome, as described by Hans Selye.
1) alarm, which puts the body on a "fight-or-flight alert by releasing hormones that produce an energizing effect on the body; 2) resistance, as exemplified by specific responses to continued stress by the body in order to optimize adaptation; and 3) exhaustion, the point when resistance can no longer be maintained and the body's defenses against stress begin to break down.
What are the major characteristics of type A personalities, type B personalities, and workaholics?
The major characteristics of type A personality are: 1) constant stress, 2) a demanding nature, 3) impatience, 4) intensity, and 5) difficulty relaxing.
The major characteristics of type B personality are: 1) less competitive and less rushed, 2) more easygoing, 3) better able to separate work from play, 4) relatively free of a sense of time urgency, 5) ambitions kept in perspective, and 6) philosophical about life.
The major characteristics of a workaholic are: 1) an addiction to work, 2) experiences withdrawal symptoms when absent from the job, 3) is agitated and depressed when not working, 4) is obsessed with perfection in their work, 5) prefers labor to leisure, and 6) is constantly multitasking.
What are the five basic phases of the post-shooting reaction?
The first phase occurs prior to the shooting itself and consists of concern about being able to pull the trigger when the time comes and not freezing up and letting one's fellow
officers down.
The second phase is the actual killing experience, which is often done reflexively, with officers describing themselves as "going on automatic."
The third stage is that of exhilaration that comes from having been able to put one's training into action.
The fourth phase is the recoil, remorse, and nausea phase, which follows the rush of exhilaration and is often associated with a close-range kill. PTSD may be experienced in
this phase.
The fifth phase, rationalization and acceptance, can be a long process, and many officers wrestle with this single event for a lifetime.
Describe some of the issues that police administrators must deal with in terms of drug use by police officers within their agencies.
What positions will the employee unions or other employees take if drug testing is proposed?
Who should be tested for drugs? Entry level officers? Regular officer on a random basis?
All officers before they are promoted?
Personnel assigned to high-profile units?
When does a supervisor have "reasonable suspicion" of a subordinate's drug use?
Who should collect urine or other specimens and under what conditions?
What criteria or standards should be used when selecting a laboratory to conduct the police department's drug testing program?
What disciplinary action is appropriate when officers are found to have abused drugs?
What duty does an employer have to rehabilitate employees who become disabled as a result of drug abuse?
What sources of work satisfaction are stress reducers?
Providing assistance to citizens, exercising interpersonal skills, getting feedback, and receiving peer-group support.
What are some examples of so-called stress inoculation activities?
Rigorous physical exercise that lasts 20 to 30 minutes, at least three times per week
Maintaining a proper diet
Getting adequate rest
Developing leisure interests and hobbies
Meditating and praying
Avoiding maladaptive responses to stress
Establishing support groups
Developing a network of friends, including people outside of the department
Monitoring yourself
Using relaxation techniques
Making sure your career and other expectations are consistent with your actual situation.
Will "play to win" at all games
Workaholic
Under constant stress
Type A, Workaholic
Easygoing
Type B
Ambitions are kept in perspective
Type B
Sense of time urgency
Type A
Continuous pressure to accomplish
Type A, Workaholic
Constantly multitasking
Workaholic
Intense and ambitious
Type A, Workaholic
Obsessed with perfection in their work
Workaholic
Generally philosophical about life
Type B
How might a law enforcement officer with a type A personality approach his or her job compared with an officer who is s a type B personality.
Type A personality: 1) constant stress, 2) a demanding nature, 3) impatience, 4) intensity, and 5) difficulty relaxing. These officers would appear more militaristic in their work activities, being demanding, impatient, and intense.
Type B personality are: 1) less competitive and less rushed, 2) more easygoing, 3) better able to separate work from play, 4) relatively free of a sense of time urgency, 5) ambitions kept in perspective, and 6) philosophical about life. These officers would appear much more "laid back."
Do you believe that random drug testing is necessary among police officers? Why or why not?
Yes, police officers are in a position of power and authority and are able to exercise enormous discretion with regard to citizens' lives and liberty. It is important to ensure that drugs do not interfere with such authority.
Assume that you are a police sergeant who supervises ten patrol officers on your squad. You have noticed signs of alcohol abuse regarding two of your officers. What steps have you taken to remedy this situation?
If the drinking affects an officer's health, job, or family, immediate action is essential.
Because alcoholism is considered a disease, I would persuade officers to obtain treatment.
Document concerns and discussions with the officers.
Notify my supervisor and inform officers of this notification.
In your estimation, how should police administrators deal with suspected drug problems within their police officer workforce?
Because the courts have ruled that drug testing must be random, administrators should implement such testing.
Mandate drug/alcohol testing for all officers involved in accidents, shootings, use of force, etc., immediately after the incident.
Identify three situations in your own life that have created stress for you within the last six months and how did you seek to remedy those situations?
Work, school, family, children, illness, marriage, divorce, etc.
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